At the beginning of the twentieth century, new technologies were discovered around the world that are associated with atomic energy. Since then, there has been a rapid breakthrough in their development, and new prospects have opened before humanity, mainly related to the production of electricity. To date, more than 400 nuclear power units have been successfully operated and give the world invaluable energy.
However, in the context of the development of modern technologies, unfortunately, we have one significant minus - there are radiation hazardous facilities in the country. These include primarily nuclear power plants, as well as enterprises involved in the manufacture of nuclear fuel, its disposal and reprocessing. Also radiation hazardous can be considered institutions that have nuclear facilities, transport nuclear power plants and individual military facilities.
By the way, the population of the entire globe receives the bulk of the exposure naturally. Everyone knows the negative impact of various technological wastes on the destruction of the ozone layer , etc. However, in some places on the planet the radiation level is much higher than normal. Undoubtedly, a number of factors contribute to this, but first of all, radiation hazardous objects pose a threat.
At such facilities, special attention should be paid to safety precautions, because human life directly depends on how correctly and responsibly an employee approaches the observance of all the prescribed standards. People who work at such facilities must use personal protective equipment in areas of radioactive contamination. This can significantly reduce the risk of a possible dose.
Unfortunately, the activities of such enterprises pose a threat to the population in the event of an accident when a dangerous release of radioactive substances can occur. Accidents at radiation hazardous facilities can often cause radiation to enter the environment. In such a situation, people, animals, and the plant world are at risk. This happens due to external radiation, which receives all living things through the passage of a radioactive cloud.
Radiation hazardous objects can serve as a source of air, food and water pollution, therefore there is a risk of internal exposure, which occurs due to the use of products with a high level of radiation.
Contact exposure occurs as a result of direct exposure to clothing or human skin of radioactive substances.
I must say that radiation hazardous objects can cause radiation sickness in humans. This happens due to a person receiving multiple exposures during the year or receiving a dose that exceeds 100 x-rays.
If an accident occurs, then a series of measures are carried out that provide maximum protection to the population. There are special shelters in which people need to be at a time of high levels of radiation in the air and in the open. During this period, it is necessary to carry out iodine prophylaxis and exclude certain foods.
If the radiation level is too high, then carry out the evacuation of the population from hazardous areas. Also, when the radiation hazard is too high, sanitization and subsequent dosimetric monitoring of the infected object are carried out.
Farm animals must be transferred to uninfected pastures and feed, and the contaminated area must be decontaminated as soon as possible.
Only if all the basic safety precautions are observed and a number of measures are carried out that ensure maximum protection to the human body, can we say that the threat from the proximity of radiation objects is minimal.