There are many cases in which you want to convert a word by adding -ing at the end. The ending in English is not as strong in meaning as in Russian. Since English belongs to analytical languages, grammatical relationships are expressed using various official words, in contrast to Russian, which belongs to the category of synthetic languages. In the latter, grammatical functions are more clearly expressed with the help of various morphemes: prefixes, endings, suffixes.
Most often the “indigo” ending is used when using non-personal verb forms (gerund, present participles, infinitive) and in the formation of long tenses. However, verbs with the ending -ing in English are not an isolated case of such word formation. There are also verbal nouns, as well as adjectives with such an ending.
Continuous and Perfect Continuous
In the formation of long tenses, the auxiliary verb to be is used in combination with the participle of the verb that conveys the essence of the utterance. The participle form in this case is in the present tense.
- I am watering the camomiles in my garden. - I water chamomiles in my garden (Present Contiuous).
- I had been watering the camomiles for twenty minutes when suddenly it began to rain. - I watered daisies for 20 minutes when it suddenly began to rain (Past Perfect Continuous).
Using a -ing Verb in Combination with the Infinitive: Examples
The infinitive is an impersonal verb form that indicates only action in the process. In this case, the person, number and pledge are not indicated. It is translated into Russian in an indefinite form (that is, a verb that answers the question: "What to do?"). An infinitive is formed in English by adding a to particle before the verb.
There is such a thing as Continuous Infinitive. In Russian there is no analogue of this form. It is translated mainly by a verb in a personal form. It is formed by means of the infinitive of the verb to be + a semantic verb ending in -ing. (the ending in English is added according to the rules listed in the special section of this article).
- She was so happy to be playing the grand piano. “She was so happy to play the piano.”
- The water for our tea seems to be boiling. “The water for our tea seems to be boiling.”
- They are sorry to have been coming so late. “They regret being so late.”
Present patriciple
Communion is one of the non-personal verbal forms of the English language. Analogues of this concept in the Russian language are the sacrament and participle. In a Present Participle sentence, it most often serves as a circumstance.
- The talking girl is my friend's sister. “The girl who is talking now (talking girl) is my friend’s sister.”
- He must be listening to you. “He's probably listening to you.”
- Having visited my sister, I went home. - Having visited my sister, I went home.
- Standing near the lake, she admired the picturesque landscape. - Standing by the lake, she admired the picturesque view.
Gerund consumption
Gerund (The Gerund) - one of the non-personal verb forms. Combines the characteristics of a noun and a verb. Gerund, like a noun, can play the role of both the subject and secondary members of a sentence: a complement, a nominal part of a predicate.
There are a number of words that require the use of gerund. Verbs followed by the gerund:
- admit - acknowledge;
She admitted being dishonest. - She admitted that she was dishonest. - accuse of - to blame;
They accused her of cheating. “They accused her of cheating.” - be fond of - to love;
My mother fond of knitting. - My mom loves to knit. - be proud of - to be proud;
She was proud of being the best student. “She was proud to be the best student.” - be interested in
I am interested in being here. “I'm interested in being here.” - be engaged in - to be busy;
She was engaged in cooking. “She was busy cooking dinner.” - complete - finish;
He will complete teaching soon. - Soon he will stop teaching. - mind - to object;
I don't mind waiting there. “I don't mind waiting there.” - practice - to train, practice;
I practice playing the piano every day. “I practice playing the piano every day.” - recommend - advise;
They recommended buying the purple dress. - They recommended buying a purple dress. - recall - remember;
I recall visiting the great place - paradise of the Pacific. - I remember how I visited a beautiful place - a paradise in the Pacific Ocean.
Other use cases
Ing-ending in English is found not only in verbs, but also in adjectives:
- The end of that book was surprising. - The ending of the book was unexpected.
- The film was interesting. - The film was interesting.
Rules for adding graduation
There are a number of patterns to consider when adding the -ing ending in English.
Rules for adding the "indigo" ending:
- the last letter of the monosyllabic word is doubled:
sit - sitting, stop - stopping; - the dumb vowel -e at the end of the word is removed and replaced by the ending -ing:
change - changing, make - making; - the vowel combination -ie at the end is replaced by -y, then the ending is simply added:
tie - tying, lie - lying; - in other cases, -ing is added without any transformations of the main word:
start - starting, read - reading, play - playing.
In order to better master this topic, it is important to devote some time to exercises and working out sentences, which will include words ending in ing. "Ending in English" is a pretty straightforward topic.