Russian language has a special difficult to comprehend grammar. Syntax, as one of the sections of grammar, includes such voluminous material, which not all Russian-speaking and studying Russian can raise. Types of subordination, phrases, sentence members, sentence schemes and phrases - this is by no means the entire list of topics that need to be studied to fully master the syntax.
So phrases of a noun with a noun, which will be discussed in the article, this is only a small part of such a large section of the syntax as "Phrase".
Syntactic concepts
Syntax studies a sentence, a phrase, members of a sentence, actual division, a complex syntactic whole. The phrase and sentence are the leading syntactic units. This is the basis of the communicative function, since it is in them that the phonetic, word-building, lexical, and morphological units of the language are built logically and grammatically. The question of what a phrase in Russian is, requires clarification.
Collocation
The phrase is used to call the subordinate connection of several words, often two, where one word is the main thing (the question is asked from him), and the other is dependent (the question is asked to him). For example, what valley ? solar is a combination of a noun and an adjective (the valley is the main thing, the solar is dependent); jump how? high, collocation of a verb with an adverb ( jumping is the main thing, high is dependent); feeding trough of what? from a tree, a combination of a noun with a noun (a feeding trough - the main thing, from a tree - a dependent).
The main word in the phrase
Depending on the part of speech, the main word distinguishes between nominal, verbal and adverbial phrases. Nouns, in turn, are substantive (in them the noun acts as the main word), adjective (the main word is the adjective), with a pronoun or a numeral. In verbal phrases, the main word is represented by a verb, in adverbs - by an adverb.
In noun phrases, dependent words can be expressed by nouns, adjectives, numerals, pronouns, participles, verbs in the initial form, adverbs. For example, phrases of a noun with a noun: a house with a porch, a day without rain, a girl in a hat, a book on the table, a birch by the pond. Or a phrase of a noun with a numeral: second number, third street, first case.
Syntax in a phrase
If the answer to the question, what is a phrase in Russian, is the statement that this is a subordinate connection of several words, then you need to know the types of syntactic connection in the phrase. They are given in the table below.
Syntax in a phrase| Type of communication | Explanation | Example |
| Matching | The signs of the main word and the dependent are the same. | Singing starling (male genus, singular, im. Case), for reading students (male genus, plural, genus. Case). |
| Control | The dependent word is expressed by a noun, a pronoun, a numeral or other words that have become nouns and are standing in an indirect case. Most often these are phrases of a noun with a noun or a verb with a noun. | Play with the toy, tell it, multiply by eight, turn to the leader. |
| Adjacency | The dependent word is immutable. | Sing loudly, look sighing, very close, offer to sit down. |
Phrases with nouns
Often there is an exercise in the Russian language in which the task sounds - make phrases with nouns. Performing such a task requires knowledge of morphology (parts of speech, cases) and syntax (ways of connecting words). In a phrase, a noun can be both the main word ( bright tulip, wounding out, desire to study ), and dependent ( walking in the woods, making friends with families, flying with a parachute ). In any case, the noun must be in any case. You can determine the case of a noun in a phrase by the question that is asked of it. For example, a house (where? Where?) By the sea is genitive, sitting (on what? Where?) In a chair is a prepositional one.
The main means of expressing syntax relations in phrases with nouns is the preposition. He clarifies the meaning of the case, with the help of it the words are grammatically correctly aligned in the phrase. So the nouns of the castle, stone, sea - this is just a list of words. But it’s worth picking up the necessary prepositions, and you get a phrase or sentence: A castle made of stone by the sea. The very form of a noun is also a powerful means of expressing grammatical relationships. In the example given above, the addition of prepositions also changed the form of words.
Another tool is the traditionally fixed word order in the phrase. For example, in phrases the noun, being the main word, is put after the adjective ( delicious fruit, juicy fruit ); being dependent, it is placed after the verb (watch the program, put points) or before the main noun (fidelity to the word, house on the island) .
Phrases of a noun with a noun
In the texts of exercises in the Russian language, you can find a task to determine the type of subordinate connection in the phrase. It must be remembered that there are three of them in Russian. Coordination (in most cases) is a phrase "noun + adjective", management - "verb + noun", "noun + noun", adjacency - "verb + adverb".
The interest in phrases of a noun with a noun is special, since when changing the whole phrase in cases, only the main word will change. For example, a park in a city, near a park in a city, to a park in a city, with a park in a city, about a park in a city . Most often, the type of connection in the phrases "noun + noun" will be management. However, there is a special group of unchanging nouns that do not change in phrases, and adjacency is considered to be the type of subordination: a can of coffee, monuments to Sochi, a baby kangaroo, potatoes in stews.
Thus, phrases with nouns are interesting and special in terms of grammar.