Man began to fish in prehistoric times. At the sites of ancient people, archaeologists, among other things, find bone jagged harpoons, as well as stone sinkers for nets. Even today, in the colder regions of the planet, different nationalities live on the shores of seas and rivers, for which fish remains the main type of food consumed in both summer and winter.
Definition
Actually, fishery refers to the activity of extraction of aquatic biological resources and their primary processing. Enterprises in this industry may engage in:
directly catching fish and other marine biofauna;
transportation, storage and unloading of seafood;
production of fish semi-finished products.
Types of fishing
Fish on Earth inhabits almost all water bodies. Accordingly, fisheries, including in Russia, can be:
sea;
oceanic;
river and lake.
Industrial fishing today, in most cases, is carried out, of course, in the seas and oceans. One of the features of such fishing is that its effectiveness directly depends on the degree of development of new territories, as well as on the ecological situation in this particular region.
Basic rule
Organizations and enterprises carry out fishing in the seas, oceans and rivers today, of course, in accordance with the standards provided for by various kinds of regulatory industrial and environmental documents. Each such company must adhere to the main rule of fishing - only a small percentage of individuals are allowed to be removed from the population. The final figures for each specific species of aquatic fauna in a particular region are determined separately. But in any case, the percentage of individuals caught should be such that this does not in any way affect the population after the breeding season.
Psychological aspects
Environmental protection developed countries, including Russia, pay much attention today. Control over fishing in our country is pretty tough. But sometimes the problem of the extinction of various species of aquatic fauna in the press is still exaggerated. And, strangely enough, the fishermen themselves often become the culprits of this.
But the representatives of this profession themselves are usually quite wary of putting into operation new effective fishing tools. The ocean - space, unfortunately, is absolutely unpredictable. It often happens that in the same place a lot of fish was caught in one year, and the next season it simply disappeared. Of course, fishermen and residents of coastal settlements make quite, it would seem, a logical conclusion from this. There is no fish because it was caught too intensely.
However, often this approach is completely unreasonable. According to experts, the fishery can have a direct negative effect only on late-ripening fish species, which tend to create dense and stable long-term accumulations. It can be, for example:
white halibut;
sea bass;
flounder.
The abundance of the main types of fish species suitable for human consumption is usually practically not affected by sea fishing. In addition to flounder, perch and halibut, according to experts, only catches of haddock, herring and cod should be limited. Subsequently, this will increase the extraction of such fish by 20-30%. The catch limit will also lead to the fact that individuals of these varieties, according to ichthyologists, will grow larger.
Small fish, according to experts, can be caught without worrying about their numbers at all. Such varieties include sprat, saury, capelin, and others.
The most popular saltwater fish
Of course, fisheries intensity statistics are kept in the world today. It is believed that the most popular representative of marine fauna in terms of fishing is pollock at the moment. High fishing qualities are also distinguished by:
cyprinids;
herring;
cod;
scumbroid.
In recent years, enterprises of this industry in Russia annually catch more than 4 million tons of various kinds of commercial fish and other representatives of the underwater fauna. That is, the Russian Federation is already able to provide its population with such products in full.
Fisheries Centers in Russia
Most of the marine biofauna in our country is mined, of course, in the Far East. The most important water areas in the region are Sakhalin, Amur, Okhotsk coast, Primorye. Recently, Russian vessels of the Far Eastern Fleet are also fishing in the waters of the Indian Ocean and in the southern part of the Pacific.
Of course, fishing in Kamchatka is very well developed in our country. Once the Oktyabrsky state farm was engaged in the extraction and processing of fish in this area. Today on its ruins also grown a fairly large economy "Peoples of the North."
Russians catch quite a lot of fish in the Caspian Sea. As in many other fishing areas of the country, there are registered companies involved in the capture of marine biofauna and its processing. For example, Astrakhan fishing has quite good indicators. Companies in this region cover all major industry areas: commercial fishing, processing of raw materials, reproduction, research, etc.
They extract aquatic biofauna on the territory of Russia, of course, in the Baltic Sea (Kaliningrad Region), as well as in the Black and Azov Sea. A certain amount of fish is supplied to the market from the Arctic Ocean.
Trading house "Fishing"
Of course, in Russia there are also companies involved in the final processing of seafood. One of the largest companies of this specialization in our country at the moment is LLC “Fishing”. This company supplies the market, for example, products such as fresh and canned squid, carcasses of various types of fish, dried, smoked, fresh, shrimp, mussels, etc. The products of this company are always popular among consumers, not only for their good quality, but also relatively low cost.
Astrakhan Fisheries LLC is one of the leading fishing and processing companies in Russia. It has been operating since 1999, it produces about three hundred products.
Interesting Facts
People have been fishing for a long time in fishing in Astrakhan, the Atlantic, the Far East, the Caspian Sea, the Baltic Sea, etc. And of course, many interesting facts are associated with this type of activity. We said above that the opinion about the depletion of marine fauna due to fishing may be unfounded. This is confirmed, for example, by the fact that in 1376 English fishermen filed a complaint about a new fishing gear that resembled a modern trawl. According to fishers, this device could devastate all the seas and oceans in a few years.
Interesting enough facts related to fishing can be considered as follows:
annually on the planet 31.5 million tons of fish goes to feed farm animals;
another 27 million tons are recognized by the processing enterprises as unusable and simply thrown away;
when catching wild salmon, the net gets tangled and subsequently 137 more species of marine animals die;
28 thousand sea turtles get into trawler nets for shrimps annually;
about 300 thousand individuals of whales, porpoises, dolphins become entangled in fishing nets;
sharks kill up to 12 people a year, people kill up to 11,500 sharks per hour;
annually about 73 million sharks are thrown back into the sea, already after their fins are cut off.
According to statistics, 85% of imported fish in our country, no matter how suppliers assure us of this, are not at all wild individuals. Currently, mostly artificially grown fish is brought to Russia, the meat of which contains a lot of carcinogens.
All the facts listed above, unfortunately, are rather sad. However, punishing unscrupulous companies for the irrational use of marine resources is absolutely impossible. There are currently no global legal rules governing fishing.