In German, “read” translates as “lesen”. The conjugation of this verb is difficult for many students of the language of Schiller and Goethe. The fact is that "lesen" is irregular (otherwise it is called incorrect). That is why it does not change by the rules.
Lesen: present conjugation
The verb in question is irregular, weak. "Lesen" does not conjugate by the rules. It changes the root vowel. So, if in the second person the suffix “st” is usually added to the base of the verb, then this rule does not apply at all to the case with “lesen”.
Conjugation will be represented as follows:
1 person: Ich lese (translates as "I read").
However: 2 faces already du liest! (and not du lesest, as it would be if "lesen" was a regular verb).
The form of the second person in the singular coincides with the third. We have: es / sie / es (also man) liest. This is because in the 3rd person the suffix “t” is added to the base of the verb. Here, this suffix is added to the base lies, which already ends with "s". Therefore, it turns out that the forms here coincide.
In the plural, the following picture: 1 person: wir lesen - we read.
2 person: Ihr lest - you (when referring to a group of people to whom the speaker "you") read.
3rd person: Sie and sie lesen. Conjugation here occurs according to the rules of the German language. It is necessary to pay attention only to the second and third person units. numbers if you conjugate a verb in the present tense.
Transition "lesen" and other characteristics
In German, verbs are divided into transitive and intransitive. The former indicate the action that a particular person performs, and require additions in accusative - accusative case. Example: Ich sehe meinen Freund (“I see my friend.” Who? Friend). The second group has no complement in accusative. There are two kinds of verbs, for example, zeigen - “show”, or geben - “give”. Take an example: "Ich zeige das Buch meinem Freund." It translates as "I am showing the book to my friend." That is, here we see both the complement in the accusative case (what? Book) and in the dative (to whom? My friend).
The verb lesen also applies to transitive verbs. After it, an addition in accusative is required: I read (what?) - a book, newspaper, magazine, periodicals, nothing, etc. Thus, everything here coincides with the Russian language, where the verb “read” is also transitive.
You should also pay attention to the form of the conjunctiva c "lesen". Conjugation of German verbs in conditional mood is built using the auxiliary verb würden. However, the lesen we are considering is incorrect, so it can also be conjugated by changing the root vowel. So, to build such a form of conditional mood, a verb in the past tense is taken. In it, the root vowel changes to umlaut. Instead of ich las, in this case we have ich läs, and so on. For example, the phrase “I would do” is translated as “ich würde machen”. The sentence "I would read this book" we can translate in two ways. First: ich würde gerne dieses Buch lesen. Second: "Ich läs dieses Buch."
The conjugation "lesen" in other times
The verb haben is used as an auxiliary verb to build the perfect and plusquamperfect forms with “lesen”. The conjugation will look like this, respectively for the Perfect and Plusquamperfekt forms:
Ich hab (e) / hatte + communion gelesen;
du hast / hattest + also communion gelesen;
er (sie, es, man) hat / hatte + gelesen;
wir, Sie, sie haben / hatten + gelesen;
ihr habt / hattet + gelesen.
The conjugation of the verb “lesen” in the form of the past tense also often causes difficulty, but all because it is conjugated not according to the rules. “I read” will be spoken as “ich las”, and further: du lasest (or du last, sometimes the form is shortened), er / sie / es / man las. In the plural conjugates as follows: wir lasen, ihr laset (sometimes “e” is omitted and we have: last, the form coincides with the second person singular); Sie / sie lasen.