The console milling machine is one of the most common types of equipment. The design of the device includes a slide and a working console. Moving the working part is carried out in three directions: longitudinally, vertically and transversely. Units are divided into fixed models with horizontal arrangement, vertically milling variations and universal modifications. Based on the equipment in question, copying, software-controlled instances and their combined variants are produced.
The following is a general diagram of the device for this equipment:
1 - skeleton (bed).
2 - electrical equipment.
3 - gearbox.
4 - speed adjustment unit.
5 - slide with a table.
6 - console.
7 - feed unit.
Destination
Cantilever-milling machine is designed to perform the appropriate work using face, disk, angle and other mills. It is possible to process various workpieces of suitable size on the equipment. Material suitable for participation in the work process is cast iron, non-ferrous metals, plastic, steel and other alloys.
On analogs with a rotary table, you can process the screw seats on the cutting parts of the tool. Universal models are designed for a variety of milling manipulations, including boring and drilling work in experimental or single production. Often, complexes are used in the large-scale production of various parts.
Cantilever milling machines: models with table width 160/200 and 250 mm
This equipment is intended for processing parts of compact dimensions, mainly from non-ferrous metals and their alloys, as well as plastic and plastic products. In addition, the device in question is designed for the finishing of steel and cast iron. The whole process takes place automatically in a given cycle.
The console milling machine with a table width of 200 mm is used to process small parts made of steel, cast iron, plastic and non-ferrous metals. The production of this equipment has been launched at the Vilnius Machine Tool Plant. Three models of units are practiced: horizontal version 6M80G, universal analogs 6M10 and copy machines of the type 6P10K.
Another manufacturer of cantilever milling machines is the Dmitrovsky Plant, which produces samples of the "P" series. Among them: 681, 681, 611. All units are unified, operate in automatic mode, have a reverse and a standard gearbox. Previously, the plant produced simplified console modifications of the “N” and “G” series.
CNC Modifications
Cantilever-milling machines of this type are equipped with an electric motor with a power of 5.5 kW with a speed of 1450 rotations per minute. They are widely used in engineering and industry. The working movement is transmitted through two types of gears: 35/27 or 21/41. The layout of the cantilever milling machine indicates that the number of the pinion gear depends on the number of teeth. Thus, the equipment can operate at two different speeds. The correct operation of the tool depends on a permanent gear coupling module, which must be stable with a pair of wheels that are aggregating between each other.
The kinematic diagram of the machine includes a structural diagram during the rotation of the spindle. In this case, the grid of the number of revolutions is connected with the number and nominal of the included gears. The distance between the vertical and horizontal guides depends on the selected scale during the work.
Cantilever Milling Machine: Features
The intersecting points vertically and horizontally are identical to the number of revolutions at any stage of the spindle. Functioning shafts are aggregated among themselves by coupling through gears (gears). Typically, the number of these modules is 61 or 62 units.
In the case of transferring movement from one shaft to another element, several stages of operation are observed (2, 3, 4 or more). The final indicator is calculated by the formula m * n. For example, 2 * 4 = 8 different speeds.
Device and control panel
The passport of the console-milling machine indicates that it consists of a bed, an electric part, a feed box, a console, a switching unit, a table and a slide. The control and adjustment of the unit is carried out using the following elements:
- Activation arms for longitudinal and lateral feed.
- Input controller
- Controller pump cooling unit.
- Switch speed and spindle speed.
- The flywheel moves, as well as the “Stop” and “Start” buttons.
- Indicating arrow of spindle block speed.
- Impulse and acceleration keys.
- Manual trunk movement and lighting activation.
- Clips for earrings and table.
- Asterisks auto mode.
- Mechanisms for enabling movement of the table in longitudinal and transverse speeds.
- Feed pointer.
- Handles for clamping, turning on and moving the slide.
- Regulator of modes (manual and automatic type).
Speed box
The speed switching unit of the universal cantilever milling machine is located in a cast iron housing; aggregation with the speed shaft is carried out through an elastic coupling. The spindle of the block in question is a shaft with three pivot points. Its accuracy is determined by special bearings. Another element is designed to hold the shank of this assembly.
The axial clearance is adjusted by grinding the retaining rings. The increased backlash can be removed by machining the half rings and the fixing nut. The gearbox is lubricated by a plunger pump with a capacity of 2 liters per minute. The remaining parts of this mechanism receive lubrication by spraying from a tube placed above the speed control unit.
6P82 modification speed control unit
The gearshift box of this model makes it possible to select the desired mode without successive intermediate steps. The work rail is moved using the provided handle. The axle roller moves after the fork and controller disk act on it in the axial direction. Then, the 6P82 cantilever milling machine, the device and circuit of which will be considered in more detail below, operates using a bevel gear and a speed indicator. There are holes on the disc that engage in pairs with the gear.
The spring is regulated by means of a stopper-lock, which is set in the locking mode by turning with normal force. The control knob in the switching mode is fixed by a spring and a ball element. In addition, the handle spike engages with the groove of the flange. It should be noted that the clearance of the bevel gear should not exceed 0.2 mm. The disk, taking into account this indicator, can rotate up to 1 millimeter.
Feed box
This node provides receiving feeds and high-speed movements of the console, slide and table. When moving pulses are transmitted to the shaft using a safety clutch and sleeve, which are interconnected by means of a key and the output shaft. The disk portion of the friction block aggregates with a sleeve and a roller. When the clutch cam is activated, the force is transmitted to the nut, gears and discs.
The gearshift box of the universal console-milling machine is located in the bed. The principle of operation of this node is similar to the speed block. The disk is protected from axial displacement by a roller, which is locked with a pair of balls and a sleeve. The locking of the disk is carried out by means of identical parts connected to the shaft by means of a key.
Simplified scheme
Below is a schematic representation of a vertical cantilever milling machine (feed box) and explanations.
1 - locking roller.
2 - sleeve.
3 - ring groove.
4 - cam clutch.
5 - control stick.
6 - a pair of balls.
7 and 8 - working disks.
9 - control ball.
10 - disk switch
11 - gear.
12 - speed indicator.
13 - a twisting shaft.
14 - a nut.
15, 16, 17, 18 - circlips and retainers.
Parameters of model 682 and 682
For comparison, consider the two most popular machine models. Let's start with the characteristics of the 6P82 modification:
- The length / width of the desktop is 1.25 / 0.32 m.
- The number of T-grooves - 3.
- Dimensions - 2.3 / 1.95 / 1.67 m.
- Weight - 2.9 t.
- Spindle braking mechanism - present.
- The mass of the workpiece to the maximum is 250 kg.
- Movement of the limb in one revolution (longitudinally / vertically) - 6/2 mm.
- The distance from the axis to the trunk is 155 mm.
- Longitudinal / transverse movement of the table - 800/240 mm.
Modification 682 differs only in weight (2.83 t), as well as in the limiting distance from the horizontal spindle to the working surface (450 mm).
Features
Technologically, the “P” series models are more advanced in terms of the longitudinal stroke of the desktop (per 100 mm). Precise installation of the surface is carried out through the modernized fastening of the limbs. In addition, this equipment has an optimal configuration that meets the modern standard of technical aesthetics. All the main nodes of the considered machines are unified among themselves.
Additional convenience when working and managing versions of "M" and "P" is provided through an automated cycle and options such as:
- Duplicate spindle speed and table feed controller.
- The ability to selectively set the desired number of rotations of the axis or limb.
- It is not required to perform intermediate steps when performing manipulations.
- There is an automatic movement of the table from the handles, the direction of which is similar to the movement of the working surface.
- There is a start and stop of the spindle in accelerated mode using special buttons and DC exposure.
- The table can be moved in vertical, horizontal and longitudinal projection.
Auto Mode Setting
For console-milling machines of the “M” and “P” modifications, the longitudinal movement of the table is adjusted automatically or semi-automatically. In a single production, feed control is performed manually, including quick table movement. Serial production involves the use of automatic and semi-automatic ranges. In fact, these modes are a spasmodic and pendulum mode of action.
To adjust the process accordingly, in the T-groove on the side, the distance between the cams is made according to a certain indicator. These elements at the right time act on the control sprocket by fast working movements of the table on the handle of switching the longitudinal feed, which makes it possible to guarantee the operation of the equipment for a given cycle.
The main operating cycles of the console milling machine are listed below:
- Hopping semi-automatic mode.
- Fast feeds left and right back.
- A similar operation to the left and reverse to the right.
- Active feed of the workpiece with subsequent stop.
- Pendulum automatic cycle.
- Operations on the machine only to the right or left side.
The configuration process is carried out in the following sequence:
- The machine must be disconnected from the power supply.
- The mode switches are put in the desired position ("Automatic control").
- The unit is activated by pressing the "Enabled" button.
- Cams are set to the appropriate position.
- Submission to high speed and vice versa is carried out at any stage and direction of movement, with the exception of the restricted area for the possible operation of the elements.
- Correction of automatic or manual movement of the table is carried out in a neutral position by longitudinally pressing the handle all the way. If it is impossible to fix the flywheel at the end, turn the adjusting screw.
Instead of a conclusion
The console-milling machine, the price of which starts in Russia from 120 thousand rubles, can help in the high-quality processing of workpieces made of steel, cast iron, plastic and non-ferrous metals. Moreover, the equipment can be used for both single and mass production. The technique allows you to get parts of various configurations with grooves, gears and teeth. In addition, milling can be performed taking into account the rotation of the table around its own axis by 45 degrees. The accuracy category of the machine belongs to the class “H” (normal). Additional applications of the unit are available during operation of the overhead working head, dividing analogs and a rotary working surface.