Manpower is the proportion of the population that has the necessary mental abilities, knowledge, and physical health to work. In general, there are different opinions about them. Labor resources, in simple terms, are part of the population that has the opportunity to participate in labor activities. International statistics considers the working age population to be 15-65 years old.
The balance of labor resources is a system of indicators that reflect the composition and number of labor resources, as well as their distribution by ownership and economic sectors, economically inactive and unemployed people. It consists of two sections. The first section shows resources, and the second - their distribution.
Labor resources, which are directly included in world production, make up the economically active population. Of course, this is not all. Here, according to world statistics of labor resources, 3/4 of the working population, about 3 billion people, are involved. Here the unemployment rate is defined as the difference between the labor force and the population employed in production. This indicator is different in different countries, and changes over time. It depends on what level of economic development the country is at. It also characterizes the standard of living of the population and the state of the economy.
The structure of employment reflects the level of development of the country's economy, as well as individual industries, the functional structure of settlements.
Employment in industry in developed countries is 25-30%. The number of working people in agriculture decreases every year. The number of people employed in the non-productive sphere is increasing. This area is represented by activities such as recreation, education and health. In addition to them, there is also trade and financial activity (Great Britain, USA, Belgium, Germany, Sweden, France). Developing countries involved more than half of the population in the agricultural sector. And in industry, the share of their occupation does not exceed 20%. Post-socialist countries occupied most of their population with material production (agriculture - 20%, industry - 50%). The manufacturing sector includes approximately 30%, and 2/3 of them fall on education, culture and healthcare.
All this allows us to trace the logical relationship between the type of country and the structure of production and employment. In industrialized countries, the non-productive sector is developing significantly. This takes place on the basis of a well-developed industry, especially its processing unit. The population is less engaged in the non-productive sphere, if the level of industrial development is lower. Such dynamics persist.
Based on the number of permanent population of a particular country, it is possible to determine how many labor resources reach. To bring the resource and distribution cleanliness of the balance of labor resources and the number of working-age population into line, the number of foreign workers who are engaged in the economy in the country is also included.
The data on the balance of labor resources allow us to trace the dynamics of their redistribution between different forms of activity and sectors, to obtain information about the structure and number of unemployed people.
The calculations of the balance of labor resources are significant for countries with market economies. And yet, the scheme of such a balance should adapt to the statistical categories of employment used by countries with market economies. One must also keep in mind: the adoption of a balance sheet as an international statistical norm is not accompanied by detailed descriptions of the methodology, as well as the scheme of the concept of the balance of labor resources.