During the construction of heating mains, the main pipes through which hot water flows are laid in special protective trays made of reinforced concrete. The piping system can be located below or above the ground, however, in each of these cases, the components must be reliably protected from the effects of low temperatures and moisture. For this, special trays and boxes are used, along which pipes of the heating main pass.
Sizes of reinforced concrete trays
The tray for the heating main made of reinforced concrete has a rectangular shape and has the configuration of the gutter. The parameters for the type of width, length and height of different models differ from each other, but these values are prescribed in GOST. The structures are made of heavy concrete, which, after solidification, turn out to be extremely resistant to various types of loads. In addition, such trays are very frost-resistant.
If you use low-quality concrete, it will crack and burst in the cold, so when choosing trays, you should ask what technology the structures were made:
- ordinary pressing;
- vibration casting;
- ordinary casting;
- vibrocompression.
Tray for heating main will be the highest quality, if carried out according to the method of vibration technology. The most important parameters when laying heating mains in trays are the quality of the material and dimensions. Depending on where communications will take place, these or those requirements are presented to trays.
Among others, the correspondence of the sizes of the gutters with the pipes should be highlighted. For example, metal pipes should not be adjacent to the concrete walls of the ducts. This requirement is especially relevant if the pipes are additionally wrapped with insulation material. Therefore, the tray for the heating main is selected several larger sizes compared to the outer diameter of the pipeline system.
Today, there are certain standards for the dimensions of the trays. For example, the length can vary from 720 to 2970 mm, as for the width, it varies from 570 to 2460 mm. The gutter height and wall thickness are also limited. In the first case, the value can range from 530 to 740 mm, while in the second - from 40 to 80 mm. The inner surface of the tray is also important when choosing, it can vary from 450 to 2180 mm, while the height of the channel of the inner surface can be equivalent to the limit from 300 to 1200 mm. Trays weigh from 100 to 3000 kg.
Steel for trays
The heating tray should be manufactured using high-strength steel. Usually, steel belonging to the following classes is used for this:
It is used in the first stage to form a metal frame that is coated with high or medium density concrete. This allows you to get reinforced concrete structures with different parameters for laying in the ground.
GOST reinforced concrete trays
Reinforced concrete trays for heating mains, the sizes of which were mentioned above, should be made in accordance with state standards 23009-78. Concrete should be made of Portland cement grade M-400 or higher, in addition, sulfate-resistant Portland cement should be used. Concrete mixtures are also subject to strict requirements, which are prescribed in GOST 26633-91.
Tray Assignment
Reinforced concrete trays for heating mains are used to protect pipes from damage and rodents, in order to save heat, to protect against flood and groundwater, as well as to protect against chemicals in places of their accumulation and availability. Such trays are necessary so that the pipes do not interact with air, which extends their life.
Trays for heating mains, the GOST dimensions of which are mentioned in the article, can be used even in seismically hazardous areas. When the gutters are covered with covers, this eliminates unforeseen situations. The designs are quite simple, so they can be opened in a short time to eliminate possible system breaks.
Floor slabs used in conjunction with trays
The concrete tray for the heating main must be used in tandem with a floor slab. It is located on top of the gutter, and it is required that when backfilling the soil, no foreign elements get inside. Otherwise, the meaning of the idea is lost, because the pipeline system should not be subjected to additional loads.
Ceilings are rectangular in shape and made of reinforced concrete or concrete. These products must be sized for concrete trays. The concrete tray for the heating main is covered with a slab, which is made of concrete of the same brand as the complaints. This allows you to maintain the integrity of the structure of the box, which will be ready to last several decades. With an increase in the thickness and size of the plate, its price rises, since it is necessary to spend more raw materials on the manufacture.
Tray classification by stacking method
The heating tray, the dimensions of which are mentioned in the article, may differ in the way of laying. Each variety has its own marking. For example, if the gutter is indicated by two letters - CL, this indicates that there is a channel in front of you with overlaps resting on them. If the designation is as follows - KLp, then in front of you are channels from the covers with supporting trays.
There is also the designation CL, which indicates that you have channels from the trays, leaning on each other and connected by channels. Such channels are suitable for movement within a person whose height does not exceed 180 cm. It is interesting that only a few companies are engaged in the manufacture of such trays in Russia. Before installation, a sand cushion is laid in the ditch, which is necessary for strong and direct contact of the gutter with the surface of the earth. When laying a tray for a heating main, the dimensions of which are mentioned in the article, it is important to use protective rubber seals, which should be between the covers and complaints. Subsequently, the seams are poured with concrete, which allows you to create a monolithic system.
Labeling Explanation
Reinforced concrete trays for heating mains, the sizes of which should be selected taking into account the pipes used, are marked in accordance with GOST 13015-83. Product labels should contain information about:
- manufacturing company;
- product weight;
- production date;
- brand;
- size;
- strength;
- stamp of technical control.
Deciphering the marking is quite simple. Reinforced concrete gutters are marked with the letter "L". Next, you can find the typical size. Through a hyphen, the manufacturer indicates the maximum load. According to the rules of GOST, the length of the product may differ from the typical one, in this case, in the marking after the main parameters you can see another figure.
Conclusion
Due to the fact that reinforced concrete trays undergo a high load and are used in important areas, their manufacture is regulated by state standards. They can find the quality of the concrete used, as well as operating and installation conditions. If the trays do not correspond to at least one of the items presented, then the products cannot be considered high-quality, which is why it is unacceptable to use them in construction.