Declension of a noun: table. Case declension of nouns by cases

Oh, this declension ... When studying a noun, it is precisely this topic that makes one rack their brains to remember all unstressed endings in all kinds of cases and numbers. How to determine the declension of nouns? The table and examples make the task easier! Let's try to figure it out and become a little more competent!

What is declination?

The declension of a noun (a table of examples is given in the text) is a change in the case of a word and its number. Consider the examples in the table.

The declension table of nouns by cases shows that all nouns are divided into groups depending on which endings they acquire in the form of a particular case. Accordingly, all words related to the same wafting will have the same set of endings. By being able to determine declination, one can avoid mistakes in writing endings of nouns in a weak position, in other words, not under stress.

How many declensions can a noun have?

The declension table of nouns for the cases given in the previous section showed that any words of the same declension in the form of the same case will have the same endings. It presents the three most common types of declination of our language. But he, as you know, is very rich, and there are no simple rules in it. In addition to the three presented, there are other types of declensions.

So what types of declensions exist? The most common are the first, second and third declension.

A separate group consists of words that end in -i : intent, crime, reconciliation, etc.

The next group is words ending in -i : mania, Natalia, waist, session, commission, etc.

There is a small group of words ending in -me , which are also inclined in a certain way: time, tribe, etc. Such words are called dissonant nouns (a separate paragraph of the article will be devoted to them). Words such as the path and the child are also considered divergent.

And finally, there are words that can not be changed either in cases or in numbers, and in all forms “look” the same. These are indeclinable, or unchanging, nouns: kangaroos, kiwis, and others.

Why do you need to be able to determine declination?

How to determine the declension of a noun, the table will tell us a little later. But very often the question is, why do this? Why remember all these cases, endings, many "special" words that need to be remembered? But for what. Take, for example, the word "path": Am I walking along the path, or am I walking along the path ? How to be Which letter to choose? And here is another word: "winter." It is also feminine with the ending -a. We put in the same case: (to whom? Why?) - winter . But we already know that all words of the same declension acquire the same ending when changing. So, you need to write this: I am walking along (to whom? What) path The issue is resolved!

How to determine the declension of a noun? The table and examples in the following paragraphs will help you not to be mistaken in this rather simple question!

Nouns 1 declensions

These are the words of the feminine and masculine gender, which in the initial form have the endings -a or -i (recall that the initial form for a noun is a nominative case and a singular).

There are a lot of female words with such endings in the Russian language: mother, Masha, pajamas, apartment, work, daughter and many, many others. There are fewer masculine words, but they are also very common: dad, grandfather, Vasya, Petya and other masculine names.

The declension noun table 1 compares the words with the stressed and unstressed endings to show that all words in a given declension will have similar endings.

It is recommended to learn the endings (inflections) of the genitive case, the dative and the prepositional, since it is they that most often cause difficulties.

Nouns 2 declensions

These are masculine words with a zero ending (it is not expressed by a letter in the nominative case, but “appears” in other forms) and the middle gender with endings -o, -e: raft, horse, lake, sea, field, etc. Name table 2 declension nouns will show which endings words acquire when changing by cases.

As you can see, in the accusative case animate and inanimate objects have different endings. And only forms of the prepositional case with an unstressed ending can cause difficulties, so you should remember that in this form you need to write - e .

Nouns 3 declensions

These are feminine words with a zero ending. All of them end in a soft sign: mouse, brooch, region, passion and so on. Let's see what endings these words take in different forms.

It is very easy to remember: in the forms of the genitive, dative and prepositional cases such words acquire an ending - and .

Nouns

The word “aspiration” is of a secondary kind, but it cannot be attributed to 2 declination; the word "mantle" is feminine, but does not change, like the words 1 declination. The declension table of nouns for cases will show the difference in endings.

As can be seen from the table, the words na differ from the words 2 declensions only in the prepositional case, and the words na- i from the words 1 declensions in the dative and prepositional.

It should be remembered that words ending in -i in all forms behave like words of 1 declension. Therefore, for example, the forms of the same name Natalia and Natalia will incline in different ways: (give) Natalia, Natalia, (talk) about Natalia, about Natalia.

Declension ending table for nouns

Summarize what was said by the table of case endings of words related to different declensions.

Let's hope that no one will have difficulty choosing the right ending and determining the declension of nouns in Russian. The table explained everything in great detail.

It should be noted that ii and ii cannot be distinguished as a separate morpheme, ending. In this case, these are just letters that the word ends with. The morphemic composition of such words is the topic of another article.

The declension of plural nouns (the table here, in general, unnecessarily) very rarely causes difficulties, since the letters are mostly clearly audible. In the dative, instrumental and prepositional cases in the plural, all three declensions will have the same endings. We propose independently declining any words in the plural and make sure of this.

Diffused nouns

Controversial words among the nouns of the Russian language are few. Why are they different? Because they cannot be attributed to any one declension, in different cases they "behave" differently. These are words ending in -me (there are about ten of them in all), the words "path" and "child." Let's look at the features of the declension of nouns in Russian (table) - those words that are considered divergent.

As you can see, the word "child" inclines in a very special way. The word "path" in the genitive, dative and prepositional cases "behaves" as the word 3 of declension, and in the creative - as the word 2 of declension. Well, words ending in -me in the indirect cases acquire the suffix -en -.

These words must be remembered so as not to make a mistake in choosing the right ending.

Unshakable words

Basically these are borrowed words - coming from other languages. They can indicate the names of animals, plants, dishes, as well as the names or surnames of people, the names of objects. Having come into our language, such words retained the peculiarity not to change their form, falling into the sentence. In whatever case or number it was necessary to put such a word, it will sound the same.

• Pour me coffee - admire morning coffee - talk about coffee.
• This is my cockatoo - I don’t have a cockatoo - give cockatoo food - remember the cockatoo.
• Dumas novel - dedicated to Dumas - writes about Dumas.

Declining such words in a sentence is wrong and illiterate. Everyone knows the joke phrase "I'm sitting in the movie on the front row with a buttocks in my tooth." Let’s not be like the hero of this joke! Declined words must be used correctly, and declined words do not need to be altered at all.

To summarize

Determining the declension of nouns (table above) is not at all a complicated process that will help to avoid mistakes in writing. Let's try to summarize all of the above.

There are three main declensions in the Russian language, but there are still special words ending in -i and -e , and several divergent words. Words are divided into three main groups depending on gender and ending in the nominative case.

All words of the same declension in indirect cases have similar endings. They can be learned so as not to be mistaken. And you can do it differently: substitute any word with the same declension, but whose emphasis falls on the ending, instead of a word with an unstressed ending. The letter at the end of these words will be the same!

The words na-i and -i do not fall into the three main groups, because they vary in cases and numbers in a special way, and their case endings must be remembered.

You should also remember a small group of divergent words. Their set of endings does not coincide with any of the above declensions, which is why they require special attention.

And finally, words that are not averse: they do not change, in whatever context they are used. Declining words such as cinema, coat, coffee, purse, kangaroo in a sentence is a sign of low literacy and a general culture.

We hope that the article was useful and helped to understand such a difficult topic as the declension of a noun. The table and examples were understandable, and therefore, choosing the right ending will now not be difficult.

Be literate!