People always thought about who their distant ancestors were, who lived several millennia ago. The great civilizations that left irrevocably left behind many mysteries that excite scientists. The testimonies of bygone days, found by archaeologists, open the veil of many secrets related to the history of mankind. Let’s try to analyze the most interesting finds of particular value to science.
Archaeological discoveries of the century: a unique find at the bottom of Issyk-Kul
One of the biggest sensations in the world of archeology was the discovery of an unknown civilization at the bottom of Lake Issyk-Kul, whose age, according to the most conservative assumptions, is about 2.5 thousand years. Near the Kyrgyz reservoir, ancient sites of primitive people, burial grounds, petroglyphs, ancient settlements and treasures have already been found. However, the researchers of the territory suggested that the most interesting may be hiding in the water, and their theory was confirmed.
Archaeological discoveries made at the bottom of the lake amazed the scientific world: it turned out that off the coast of Issyk-Kul there were no nomad tribes, but a developed civilization. As scientists explain, ethnic groups changed every two centuries on the territory, and the reservoir was considered the cradle of ancient civilizations.
Research under water
Scuba divers found a wall with a length of more than a kilometer in the water, and it is believed that five huge cities covered by sand and silt were found under water. Researchers have mapped the scheme of the flooded settlement, but it is still difficult to accurately outline the territory. Archaeological discoveries have led to the conclusion about the high level of cultural and technological development of the existing civilization.
At the bottom, barrows were found similar to those in which the Scythians were buried, and they also found an ore production workshop, self-sharpening daggers, as well as a golden hexagonal object resembling the shape of the first ancient Russian rubles.
Highly developed civilization
Sensational archaeological discoveries add a new plot to the history of mankind, and some artifacts seriously puzzled scientists. At the bottom was found a bronze cauldron with soldered handles, the manufacturing method of which is unknown. Given that high-tech metal processing methods appeared relatively recently, it is not clear how it was possible to achieve such a quality of joining all parts more than two thousand years ago.
It should be noted that the history of archaeological discoveries in the area of the Kyrgyz lake is illuminated quite informatively. Scientists continue to study the underwater ritual complex, farm buildings and residential buildings. But now we can conclude that once in the Issyk-Kul region there was a developed civilization combining settled and nomadic forms of farming. And it ceased to exist, most likely, after the rise of the water level, leaving scientists with many mysteries.
Rosetta stone
When it comes to great archaeological discoveries, one cannot but mention the artifact found in Egypt at the end of the 18th century. Rosetta stone, named after the city near which it was found, is made of rock. It is a plate with texts embossed on it. Two of them are written in ancient Egyptian, and one in ancient Greek. The last text, quickly deciphered by linguists, contained a decree dating back to 196 BC and glorifying all the merits of Tsar Ptolemy.
But before the appearance of the plate, scientists had not previously encountered the Egyptian language, and several experts were involved in decoding it at once. It turned out that the two inscriptions on the stone, written in hieroglyphs and cursive writing, contained the same text with respect to the first part.
The answer to the ancient Egyptian language on the Rosetta stone weighing more than a ton was a powerful breakthrough in the decoding of messages made in ancient times. Archaeological discoveries of the XIX century gave the key to the study of ancient writing, and the French scientist Champol even compiled a dictionary of the ancient Egyptian language, the secret of which was lost several centuries ago.
What knowledge do Egyptian pyramids bring to people?
The Egyptian pyramids are the greatest architectural monuments of the most mysterious civilization of antiquity. Scientists studying unique artifacts are sure that secret knowledge is hidden in the structures, which will help to reveal the main secrets of mankind. According to the official version, the mysterious pyramids that cause a lot of questions are built by people. However, many scientists protested against this theory, arguing that illiterate residents could not have erected majestic structures, which are based on the principle of the golden section. How did such large-scale objects appear in ancient civilization, which could not have a high level of development more than four thousand years ago?
Researchers came to the unusual conclusion that the Egyptians never built the great pyramids, but simply took advantage of the achievements of unknown ancestors with unique talents. And the well-established idea of the gigantic structures that were supposed to perpetuate the memory of the rulers - the pharaohs, was recognized as erroneous.
Large-scale constructions created by unknown civilization
The archaeological discoveries of Ancient Egypt became conclusive evidence that the pyramids appeared much earlier than a powerful civilization. On one of the stelae, archaeologists discovered a strange inscription containing the order of Cheops to restore the statue of the Sphinx, which caused damage from heavy rains.
When scientists learned that eight thousand years had not precipitated in Egypt, the local government ordered the stele to be transferred to the museum’s storerooms, and the sculpture of the winged figure with the body of a lion was quickly restored.
Specialists decoded the characters belonging to the pen of the historian Manetho, who was instructed to compile the history of the great state. In it, he described in detail that more than 10 thousand years ago, in the place where Ancient Egypt was, great gods lived. And modern researchers remembered the mythical Atlantis - the most progressive civilization of mankind.
After studying the Pyramid of Cheops, it turned out that it is precisely oriented to the four cardinal points, and you won’t be able to achieve such perfect accuracy without special tools even in the modern world.
What is the purpose of the pyramids?
Mysterious architectural monuments are not only the tombs of the pharaohs. Egyptologists, who figured out the purpose of the pyramids, recognized them as an ancient calendar, according to which they calculated the duration of the year. They represented a perfect astronomical compass and an accurate geodetic instrument - theodolite, which was used for topographic research. Creations created by some higher mind were the repository of the ancient system of weights and measures, as well as a hemisphere model associated with the coordinates of longitude and latitude.
Important archaeological discoveries of Egypt aroused the scientific world, which is difficult to recognize the existence of highly developed civilization, which possessed the most advanced technologies and the highest capabilities. Thus, archaeologists agreed that the inhabitants of the ancient state did not create the pyramids, but only restored them.
Discoveries of Russian scientists
It is believed that the oldest civilization originated in Mesopotamia - a region that coincides with the territory of modern Iraq. Herodotus wrote about the country, and later the Bible with stories about the Garden of Eden and the Tower of Babel contributed to the interest in the lands of the Middle East.
Domestic scientists who made exciting archaeological discoveries of Mesopotamia received the Russian State Prize in the field of science and technology. It must be said that the study of important monuments between the rivers between the rivers began in the 19th century, when French and English archaeologists discovered the magnificent palaces of the late Assyrian kingdom with unique bas-reliefs depicting scenes of hunting, fighting, and religious actions.
Later, experts uncovered an earlier layer of history, which is associated with the Sumerian civilization, which appeared with all the signs of a highly developed culture.
Excavations of the temple complex
Russian specialists worked in the oldest cult center - Tell Hazna. Children's burial places in an earthen vessel, a huge necropolis, which appeared in the 4th century BC, granaries and religious buildings were found. The ancient monument is of a specific nature, since there are no residential buildings here.
The fact that this is a temple complex is evidenced by the latest archaeological discoveries. For example, scientists discovered buildings filled with ash, on the bottom of which the remains of children's burials rested. And in the sanctuary of the religious building, an clay table for sacrifices was found.
After the publication of all the findings, the ideas about the role of the Syrian region changed dramatically. If earlier it was spoken of as a province of the ancient Eastern world, now it has become clear that this is an area of high cultural achievements, and our archaeologists have contributed to the knowledge of the origins of ancient civilizations.
Scientists involved in the study of historical monuments suggested that before us on the planet there were civilizations that have reached a high level of technological development. What is the reason for their disappearance, archaeologists find it difficult to answer, and who knows how many centuries will pass before humanity receives an answer to an exciting question.