Any deviation from the usual and coherent (routine) management of a certain unit in absolutely any area of human activity can lead to a situation called abnormal. Each unit must immediately notify higher authorities of changes in the accepted course of events. All measures and actions that need to be taken in case of non-standard situations, as a rule, are spelled out in the corresponding official documents. But due to the difference in the spheres of human activity, the actions in the event of a malfunction in the system will also be different.
Definition
Any event that has had negative consequences, affecting people working in a particular field, the organization itself, equipment, the product being manufactured, the environment (this is an emergency situation) provides for certain actions to get out of it. Today, specialists in the field of computer technology work hard to create and improve programs for managing such situations.
At its core, this is a catastrophic event that causes a severe malfunction in the entire system, regardless of its profile. The reasons why an emergency can occur can vary from a natural disaster to equipment damage. The occurrence of such events is influenced by factors of different nature, depending on the person and completely independent, which are difficult to foresee and difficult to influence.
Learning situations
At each enterprise and in general in any organizational structure, an abnormal situation typical of this area should be modeled and worked out, its causes and all precautionary measures taken to prevent the occurrence of system failures.
The absence of such planning and exercises can lead to great risks associated not only with economic losses, but also with human casualties. At the enterprise, a plan must be developed for emergency situations, restoration of system damage, and employees must receive certain skills and qualifications.
Another important point - no matter what the emergency situation, people should not panic and must remember that human life is the greatest value.
Sources of occurrence
Conventionally, situations leading from the usual course of events can be divided by the source of occurrence into:
- caused by natural disasters, the environment (ice, fog, etc.);
- caused by changes in road traffic (damage to the pavement, foreign objects falling on the roadway, construction and repair work related to the roadway);
- caused by a malfunction of technical equipment;
- caused by accidents of road traffic, shipping, air;
- caused due to the human factor;
- caused by force majeure circumstances that were impossible to prevent or foresee.
What contingencies at work can occur?
In fact, the question is not simple. The fact is that everyone’s work is different, and it is necessary to talk about cases of violation of the normal working rhythm specifically for each type of activity. There are no general instructions. They, as mentioned above, should be developed by the relevant authorities of certain organizations.
One thing, for example, is the situation in the air when performing a parachute jump, another is the emergency landing of an airplane. There are situations of sudden failure of automated systems, computer systems, hacker attacks. These are all different situations.
There is a conflict situation in the store, there are strikes by company personnel, and there are large-scale protests. There are a lot of situations that violate the planned course of events. They are different and require separate consideration.
Special provision
In the event of an emergency in the process of working on a project, an operational control group is created, consisting of management participants. This group includes representatives of all areas of the project.
At one time, the Soviet Union seriously raised the question of preparing entire units for rescue operations in the event of emergency situations when weapons of mass destruction were used.
The participation of all kinds of units, means and forces in the elimination of the consequences of the Chernobyl disaster confirmed the need to prepare special forces and civilians for such situations. Today, a new threat has emerged that is being discussed all over the world - terrorism. He is able to change the course of events at any hour and anywhere. And we are taught today to be ready for such turns.
Spacewalk
The contingency situation in space is unique in its kind, where the astronauts are lonely in a certain sense, and help from the Earth is a big question. For example, on March 18, 1965, Leonov Aleksey and Belyaev Pavel faced incredible contingencies, which even seemed insoluble.
Leonov was the first in the world to go into outer space. He took this bold step, but he and his partner had to be at risk five times. If it were not for the psychological training of the astronauts and the ability to take responsibility for the decisions made, perhaps everything would end tragically.
To find a way out of emergency situations, you must have certain skills and special knowledge. But an important factor is the intuitive ability to make the right choice. Mandatory quality is responsibility.
Instinct for life
The example of cosmonauts Leonov and Belyaev perfectly demonstrates the behavior that is needed in any situation that has gotten out of control. Surprisingly, even at earthly training Leonov began to suffocate in a pressure chamber, but the Leonov-Belyaev tandem was not broken, and together they went into outer space.
They almost fell under a lethal dose of solar radiation, then Leonov almost returned to the ship, the spacesuit was swollen, the astronaut had to violate instructions, but life was saved in this way. The spacecraft received an excess dose of oxygen, which the astronauts were also struggling with, but they managed. And finally, “Sunrise” had to be planted manually, as the automated system failed. It seemed that everything was against, but the astronauts managed, even sometimes acting not according to instructions. Apparently, life instinct was stronger. Plus psychological stability, experience and professionalism.