Management is a dynamic process carried out and directed by managers through the use of various techniques and methods. It is from the latter that a system of management methods in management is formed. Properly selected methods should assist in the implementation of the effective functioning of the manager, as well as the managed management subsystems.
Management methods in management can be classified according to various criteria. So, depending on the scale of their use, system, general and local management methods are distinguished . General methods can be applied in any managerial processes, system methods - only in any specific management systems, and local ones directed to separate elements of management systems. According to another classification, the methods are divided into spheres and branches of management. This includes methods used in public administration, trade, industry, business, etc.
An important role is played not only by methods, but also by management functions in management. Their appearance is associated with the division and specialization of labor, since all management processes of the enterprise are carried out through functional separation. Any function should create such management conditions by which the most effective connections between the elements of the managed system would be ensured. At the present stage of development, such basic management functions in management are distinguished as:
· Planning - a management function , the essence of which is to establish goals and ways to achieve them. The final result of planning should be a system of plans consisting of corporate, functional plans, employee plans, etc.
· Organization (organization) - a management function engaged in the development of a management structure, as well as the distribution of powers and responsibilities.
· Motivation - a management function, the essence of which is to prompt a person to an activity that has a specific target orientation.
· Control - a management function that ensures the organization achieves its goals.
The management functions in management are carried out through a process - an activity that requires a certain amount of time and resources. Thanks to this process approach in management, it was possible to consider the interdependence and interconnection of the management function. The management process is a sequence of functions, or rather, a sequence of initial actions to perform functions. The connecting processes in management are the decision-making process and the communication process. Recently, the process of goal setting has been included here, because in order to start any activity, you first need to establish the goals of functioning.
The process of communication means the exchange of information between a certain number of people. Through communications, managers can obtain the information that is needed to make a decision, and talk about the decisions made to employees of the enterprise. When communications are poorly organized, decisions are often erroneous. If we talk about the decision process - this is the choice of an alternative.
Management functions in management lead managers to make a wide variety of decisions. So, when planning, you need to set a goal, determine the necessary resources, choose ways to achieve goals and objectives. When organizing, you need to work out the structure of production and management, as well as organize the work of specialists and workers. The motivation process involves the identification and analysis of unmet needs, the definition of stimulating effects, etc. The control function involves making decisions on the use of technical means of communication, coordination of the activities of structural units, etc.
Thus, the management functions in management should help to adapt the organizational structure of the enterprise to the tasks set for the implementation of activities, as well as the selection of employees for a specific job, the determination of the rights to use the resources of the organization.