A sentence is the smallest communicative unit, a group of words that are combined both in meaning and grammatically. The proposals are characterized by informational content, semantic completeness, intonational completeness. In writing, such a construction, unlike other syntactic units, is formed by a punctuation mark: a question mark or exclamation point, a dot, less often an ellipsis.
Depending on the parameters considered, offers can be divided into types. For example, for the purpose of their statement they are divided into interrogative, incentive, narrative. According to the emotional coloring - to exclamation / non-exclamation.
If we consider the sentences from the point of view of the grammatical basis, then we can distinguish single-component sentences, the types of which depend on the presence of the main term, and two-component constructions. In such there is both subject and predicate.
What is the difference between single-component structures and two-component ones?
All types of one-component sentences represent a specific semantic-structural type. The only main member in them at a time fixes the producer of the action, phenomenon, object or condition and indicates its existence in reality. Along the way, sentences formulate the meaning of objective modality and syntactic time. Simply put, a single lead member is sufficient to independently organize a proposal. Blue Splash of water. It's getting dark. In the distance they sing a song.
The types of one-component sentences and their classification depend on the meaning of the structure and the way of expressing its main member. There are two large groups: structures with only the subject and structures with the only predicate.
Types of one-part sentences, in which the basis is represented by the subject, are called nominative ( nominal , nominal). Their semantic purpose is to inform that an object (phenomenon) exists, has a place to be. Such structures imply only real grammatical time. That is why the subject can be expressed:
- a noun (possibly a substantiated adjective) or a pronoun only in the nominative (direct) case. Boundless, breathtaking blue sky. Here I am;
- a phrase that includes part of the speech in the nominative case. The number of people hit him. Pupils. Foreigners invited to the reception. Military personnel from the neighboring part.
In turn, nominal sentences can be divided into:
- pointing. Here is a book for you;
- existential. Surprised faces greeted;
- appraisal and call letters. There you have a holiday;
- Descriptive. Just not that!
Types of one-component sentences only with the predicate are divided into:
- definitely personal. I go, I sing, I’m not afraid of anything;
- vaguely personal. The house was built quickly;
- generalized personal. Harvested in the fall;
- impersonal. It is getting light. It gets cold.
Certain personal express the state or action of the direct participants. I read and wonder. Write carefully, do not rush. You’ll go to school tomorrow. Today let's go to the theater. The predicate is expressed by the verb 1 or 2 persons.
In indefinite personal verbs-predicators in the 3rd person plural are used. The producer of the action is only conceived, and the action, which is more important for the given message, is called. In the distance they sang an amazingly beautiful song.
Generalized-personal constructs imply that all or most perform an action. Those expressed in them are expressed by verbs in any form (except for the infinitive). If you don’t bend, you won’t raise the mushroom. Business before pleasure. They will not be born with mastery, but they are proud of their mastery. Well, how not to rejoice at your success?
Impersonal syntactic structures denote a state that cannot have a producer. It was getting dark. My eyes darkened. Coldly. The verbs 3 singular appear in them, the word “no”, the link “adverb + infinitive”, the participle, the infinitive are said. Such types of one-component sentences, unlike others, have a shade of passivity or inertia.