The verb is perhaps the most used unit of our mother tongue. It is found in texts written in the artistic, scientific, journalistic style, in colloquial and literary genres.
In this article you will find answers to the questions: "How is a verb characterized?", "What does it mean?"
Verb
This is an independent representative of our beautiful language. It performs two main tasks:
- Talks about the action performed by the subject, man, phenomenon. For example: he ran, jumped, peered, stood, located, eats.
- It characterizes the state, property, sign, attitude of the subject. Consider an example: I am ill, blush, envy.
You can find out the verb in the sentence by asking the question "what to do?" or one of its forms (“What am I doing?”, “What have I been doing?”, etc.).
Verb forms
All verbs are divided into four categories:
- Initial, she is infinitive. It is formed from the base of the word by suffixing with "t", "ty", "whose". This form does not change by person, gender and number. It lets you know what action is taking place. Able to speak in a sentence in any role. It has the features of transition and return. It can be characterized as a verb of a perfect or imperfect form. Examples: discouragement, sadness, digging, learning, viewing, loving.
- Conjugate forms. To this group can be attributed any variable form of the verb that has constant and variable signs.
- Communion - in modern Russian grammar it is a special form of the verb. The task of this part of speech is to characterize the attribute of an object by action.
- The participle is, according to one version, an unchanged verb form. Some linguists distinguish it as a separate part of speech. In the sentence denotes an additional, clarifying action.
Type of verb
Consider the first constant attribute characterizing a verb. What does the word “view” mean in relation to this part of speech?
All verbs can be divided into two large groups: the perfect form (SV) and the imperfect (NSV).
You can find out what type a word belongs to by asking a question to its infinitive. If the verb answers the question "what to do?" - This is the perfect look. If the question "what to do?" - imperfect.
Verbs related to the perfect form characterize an action that has reached its logical conclusion. Words from an imperfect group indicate a process that is still ongoing.
The perfect form of the verb in most cases is achieved using the prefixal method.
Verb tense
The verbs of the past tense, future and present are distinguished in our mother tongue. Any of them is easily recognized in context with knowledge of theoretical material.
Verbs of the past tense describe the action, completed by the beginning of speaking. It must be borne in mind that the time at which the narrative takes place is not always expressed in the present. You may come across an option where the future or past tense will meet. For example: “I told my mother that I went to the cinema” - or: “He will say that he successfully completed the task.”
Words belonging to the past tense change by gender, number. Create them in a suffix way, attaching an “l” to the base of the initial form.
The present tense of the verb is found only in words related to the imperfect form. It is expressed with the help of a personal ending. It characterizes the action that occurs at the time of speaking. It can also perform the following roles:
- It characterizes an action that is repeated continuously. For example: "The mouth of the river flows into the sea."
- Describes an action that occurs regularly. For example: “Every Friday at six o’clock she goes to dance.”
- It tells about an event that could potentially happen: "Some guys are rude."
The future form of the verb tells about an event that will happen only after the moment of speech approaches the end. It can be represented by verbs of both perfect and imperfect form.
There are two forms of future tense: simple and compound. The first is formed using the personal ending of the verb. The second is by adding to the main word the forms of the token “to be” (I will, you will, it will be, etc.).
Certain verbs of one time may be used in the meaning of another. For example, the past tense can have the meaning of the present in the context: “It’s forever like this: I saw nothing, I heard nothing.”
Time is classified as a variable sign.
Verb mood
Inclination is another impermanent feature of the verb. It expresses the relationship of this part of speech to reality. It is divided into three types: indicative, subjunctive, imperative. Each of them has a number of characteristic features.
Verbs related to the indicative mood represent real action occurring in the past, present or future tense. This is a hallmark. Words belonging to other moods cannot be expressed at any time.
Imperative verbs are able to convey a request, order, wish, advice. They are formed in two ways: using the suffix "and" or through zero suffix. In the plural, the ending “te” appears. The words of imperative do not change over time.
Subjunctive verbs describe an action that could be realized in a given set of circumstances. This mood is formed by adding to the word in the past tense, the particles “would”.
Verb: what does the word “conjugation” mean in its relation?
Conjugation is a constant symptom. Its essence lies in changing the verb in persons and numbers. There are only two varieties of conjugation, which are usually denoted by the Roman numerals I and II.
Finding out which conjugation a word belongs to is simple enough if you remember simple facts:
- If the end of a verb is stressed, then the conjugation of a word is determined by this form. If it is in an unstressed position - by infinitive.
- Verbs that can be defined in the group of the first conjugation are characterized by the endings “eat”, “eat”, “et”, “eat”, “ut”, “ut”. Related to the second conjugation - "ish", "um", "im", "ite", "at" or "yat".
- There is a group of disjointed verbs, the forms of which, when changing, have a part of the endings of one group, a part of another. These are the verbs “want” and “run”.
In this article, we examined the verb (which means this part of speech). We got acquainted with some of its constant and inconstant signs, gave examples. In the future, it will not be difficult for you to identify the verb in the text and give it a brief description if necessary.