On the fifth of November, one thousand eight hundred and ninety-six years in Belarus, in the city of Orsha Lev Semenovich Vygotsky was born. The future famous Soviet psychologist was born in a family of employees.
Vygotsky Lev Semenovich: biography
Leo was educated by his father, teacher S. Ashpits, who is known for his method of Socratic dialogue. In the nineteen seventeen, Lev Semenovich graduated from the University of Moscow (Moscow) and at the same time the Department of History and Philosophy of the University. Shinyavsky. After that, he worked as a teacher in the city of Gomel. Vygotsky Lev Semenovich began working at Moscow University in 1924. Later (1929) he organized the Experimental Defectological Institute, which he headed. EDI housed a community school for children with behavioral abnormalities. In 1925, Lev Semenovich defended his thesis. Her theme is Psychology of Art. In it, he proved that art is a means of transforming personality. This work was published after the death of the author. In the summer of that year, the only time in his life, he, as an employee of the People's Commissariat for Education, went abroad to a conference on the education of deaf-mute children in London.
In 1933, Vygotsky, together with I. I. Danyushevsky, began studying children with speech impairments. Later he lectured at institutes and universities of Kharkov, Leningrad and Moscow.
Professor of psychology
At a time when Soviet psychology was undergoing perestroika on the basis of Marxism (Lev Semenovich Vygotsky took an active part in it), it was becoming a scientist. He critically analyzed philosophical and psychological concepts. According to Vygotsky, two types of behavior should be distinguished - cultural as a result of the development of society, and natural (as a result of rapid biological evolution), which are merged together.
The activities of Lev Semenovich in recent years
The study of the structure of consciousness has become the main activity of the scientist in the last years of his life. In 1934, Vygotsky Lev Semenovich wrote the work “Thinking and Speech,” which became the basis of Soviet psycholinguistics. Lev Semenovich is often called
Mozart of psychology. He had no special education. And maybe that is why I could take a different look at the
problems of psychology.Vygotsky's influence
On the eleventh of June, one thousand nine hundred and thirty-four, at the age of thirty-seven, Lev Semenovich died in Moscow from tuberculosis. In the 30s in the Soviet Union, a reassessment of views on culture and science began. As a result, the works of the great psychologists were forgotten, and only in the 50s his works began to be published again.
Vygotsky Lev Semenovich and his cultural-historical theory became the basis of the largest Soviet school of psychology. His followers were P. Ya. Halperin, L. I. Bozhovich, P. I. Zinchenko, and others. By the seventies, Vygotsky's theory had interested American psychologists. His main works were translated and became the basis of educational psychology in the United States.