Every capable seventh grader knows how to distinguish the sacrament from the participle. These parts of speech cause difficulties not only among students, but also among adults who have long graduated from school. Let's try to figure it out in stages.
Features
Unfortunately, today it is not clear what place the sacrament and participle occupy in the morphology of the Russian language. On the one hand, they are considered as forms formed from verbs that cannot be independent. On the other hand, their set of features allows them to be defined as parts of speech. In schools, children are given both versions of this issue. Depending on the proposed educational and methodological complex, teachers take one or another point of view, which allows them to interpret the rules of the Russian language. Communion and participle are among the independent parts of the speech of T.A. Ladyzhenskaya. And here is how special verb forms are considered by such authors as V.S. Babaitseva and M.M. Razumovskaya.
Each of the authors is right in his own way, because that the sacrament, that the participle are very controversial points in our language.
Participle
When words are very similar in appearance to an adjective, but have a touch of action, we have before us the words-participles. They took a number of signs from two parts of speech. From the adjective, they got a question (what?), A grammatical sign - the end, as well as a syntactic function. As a rule, in the sentence the participle acts as a definition.
For example: By nature, the girl is very restrained. At first glance, this is a sign. That is, the girl has a calm character. But looking closely, we notice a verb tint: she knows how to keep herself in time. Thus, we saw that we have communion. Suffixes and the ending of the adjective are added to the verb “contain”.
Another property that the sacrament has is the ability to form short forms. This attribute is borrowed from the adjective.
For example: good - kind (im.pril.), Well-worn - well-worn (pr., Formed from the verb "vilify").
It is worth noting that in this case, short forms will always fulfill the function of the predicate in sentences, in contrast to the full, which is usually a definition.
Communion
There are also difficulties with this form. Many people ask the question: how to distinguish the sacrament from the participle? In fact, with external similarity, they are completely different. The participle also takes its roots from the verb, but it received other morphological signs from the adverb.
The first is immutability. Both forms have no endings, including zero ones. Secondly, they answer a general question (how?). Thirdly, the words-participles, like adverbs, perform the function of circumstance.
For example, to draw - by painting (depr.), To do - by making (depr.) .
Use
To know how to distinguish the sacrament from the participle, you must correctly ask the question. After that, you should determine what function the word performs. Communion will always describe a subject, since it has a similar role to an adjective. But the participle will always indicate an additional action. At the same time, the main thing must be present.
Very often, these parts of speech are used not as solitary, but as part of turns, that is, when each of them has dependent words. In this case, their syntax functions will also be different.
For example: Misha, addicted to computer games, bought a new disc. Before us is the sacrament of turnover. The word "addicted" was formed from the verb "get carried away", but answers the question "what?" Next, we look for words dependent on it. We ask a question: keen on what? We get the answer - computer games. There is a part depending on it, therefore we boldly assert that this is a sacrament turnover.
Another example: Carried away by the game, Andrei forgot about homework. In this case, we are witnessing a participial turnover. The word "carried away" was formed from the same verb as the participle above, but already has a completely different function. Here we are talking about an additional action (carried away) with the main (forgot). Having dependent words with him, the participle forms a turn (carried away by the game).
Now the question of how to distinguish the sacrament from the participle will not be difficult for you. The main features of these parts of speech we examined in our article.