Chickens are poultry, which are always available in each personal household. This is a very profitable purchase. Immediately both meat and egg. In nature, there are many breeds. All of them are distinguished by features of content, disposition. Of particular note is the Kotlyarevskaya breed of chickens. Characteristics and reviews about this poultry, about how to maintain and properly care for it, read the article.
General information
Chicken order has 250 thousand species. It includes birds of different appearance and size. The smallest representative of this detachment in our country is quail. It weighs just 100 grams. The largest is a capercaillie with a body weight of up to 6 kilograms.
The genus of domestic chicken comes from banking chickens, which were spread in Asia. Currently, they are found in India, Burma, Indonesia. They live on the earth, hiding in dense thickets of lush vegetation. But they know how to fly.
For the first time, man domesticated an ancient wild chicken about 5 thousand years ago. This happened in East Asia, as evidenced by the facts: numerous written sources, excavations where the remains of chickens are found in tombs.
In Iran, archaeologists have discovered figurines that look like chicken. Excavations date back to the 2nd millennium BC. In the Slavic culture, hens were revered animals, the image of which was associated with fire.
Origin
The homeland of Kotlyarevsky hens is the Caucasus with its mountain expanses. Poultry are of the same name with a plant in Kabardino-Balkaria, on the initiative of which they began to breed them. The result of the painstaking work of breeders is the Kotlyarevskaya breed of chickens of the meat-and-egg direction. The progenitors of a productive breed with a beautiful appearance are White Russian chicken, Salmon, New Hampshire, Golosheynaya and others.
The population is a genetic reserve, therefore it is carefully preserved. Perhaps in the future Kotlyarevskaya breed of chickens, description and characteristics which are present in the article, will become the progenitor for a new, more attractive and productive breed. Currently, chickens are common in the Caucasus, Europe and Asia. Among farmers they are called universal.
Kotlyarevsky hens: description of the breed of hens
Reviews about these poultry are good, especially among farmers who have long been breeding the breed and appreciated all its advantages. They grow poultry for dietary meat and eggs. These chickens have a unique heredity, as the best-breed chickens took part in their breeding. The size of the birds is average. The head is small, but the crest is massive. It has a leafy shape and a bright red color. The short neck seems thick due to the fact that the plumage is loose and provides additional volume. A feature of this breed is the white-red color of the earlobe. If they are without a red tint, then such birds are rejected.
The Kotlyarevskaya breed of hens is distinguished by a convex, wide chest, which arches forward. The broad back is straight, only slightly raised up in the tail region. The wings and tail have good development and plumage. But chickens do not particularly like to fly. The legs are short, bare, without feathers, so the birds seem to be squat, although they look graceful. They have beautiful eyes, they are orange-red and large.
Plumage
Kotlyarevskaya breed of chickens, description which includes many features, has an interesting coloring of plumage, which was borrowed from the ancestors. It is different for them. Hens come in silver, salmon, brown and other colors. In layers, the color is darker than in roosters.
The color of the plumage of males is dominated by white. Feathers of a black shade are present on the neck and along the entire length of the body, as if highlighting it. There are birds with a bright edging of feathers. Chicks with a one-day life span are covered with dense white down with black stripes or vice versa, like in chipmunks.
Productivity
The Kotlyarevskaya breed of chickens, reviews of which poultry breeders give the most positive, enters puberty early. At the age of 6 months, hens begin to rush. If this process is stimulated, then egg production will deteriorate in the future. Their weight by this time reaches 3 kilograms. Half-year-old roosters weigh more, about a kilogram.
Egg production is high; in one year, one chicken gives 240 eggs. Initially, there are only 170, but then the number increases every year. The Kotlyarev universal chicken has a striking feature: for five consecutive years its egg production has not decreased. The eggs are large, creamy in color, weigh 65 grams or more. The yolk is bright, has a high nutritional value, the protein is not watery. A break in the sock of eggs in chickens occurs only during molting. According to statistics, 95 out of 100 chickens survive. This is a very good indicator. In adults, the level of vitality is lower. For the same number of chickens, 85 remain alive.
The immunity of chickens is strong, they rarely get sick. Obviously, this is a genetic predisposition. Indeed, the best breeds of the species took part in the breeding of Kotlyarev chicken. These chickens are interested in those breeders who know them. Farmers purchase chickens for raising chickens and raising on their farm. Unfortunately, this breed in our country for some reason did not receive mass distribution, but in the CIS countries it is grown everywhere.
Adult Bird Feeding
The Kotlyarevskaya breed of chickens is an excellent choice for those who decide to engage in the industrial cultivation of this bird, because it is unpretentious in food. For chickens, it does not matter what to eat, the main thing is that there is a lot of food. For their feeding, bulk feeds with a high protein content are used. The diet consists of small potatoes, other vegetables, grains, herbs, waste from the kitchen. Chickens eat a lot, respectively, their mass is growing rapidly. Poor appetite is a sign of some kind of disease. It is worth paying attention to, if necessary, take appropriate measures.
In the warm season, green grass, finely chopped, is added to the nutrient mixture. In winter, food is different. Hens are content with herbal flour, dry food must be diluted with water, broths or low-fat broth. To avoid a lack of vitamins, fish oil and multivitamins are added to the feed.
Adults need to be fed at least four times a day. If food remains in the feeders, it is better to remove it so that it does not deteriorate. Otherwise, the chickens are hungry again and eat a spoiled product.
Regarding the drinking regimen. Water in drinking bowls needs to be changed often so that it is always fresh and clean. It is unacceptable to allow bacteria to develop in it.
Nestling food
There are no problems with the appearance of chickens. Toddlers are placed in a drawer with their mother mother, and put him in a warm room. Chickens begin to feed the usual food for chickens 15 hours after birth. But not all kids eat it. They cannot be left hungry, they will die. Therefore, the chicks are planted in a separate room and fed with egg yolk, mashed with milk.
If they cannot eat on their own, they need to be fed using a regular pipette. Very soon, the kids will taste the food and begin to eat on their own. They will happily join the rest of the chickens. Chicks are fed frequently, up to seven times a day. After two weeks, the chickens eat cereals, such as millet, and after a month they already eat adult food. In the cultivation of this breed there is no strict framework. The main thing is to feed well, breeders share their experience.
Chicken Content
The Kotlyarevskaya breed of chickens, the characteristics of which has a number of features, is endowed with a peace-loving character, as many farmers note. Birds live together with other individuals, walk slowly, do not touch anyone. From time to time they cluck among themselves clucking. It is not necessary to build a high fence; the hens will not run far. Roosters, of course, compete, but do not show aggression.
The main thing is to provide chickens with a room with high-quality ventilation. Perches at different levels of height should be arranged in it. The floor is covered with litter material, which should be periodically changed. Litter should always be dry and fresh. It can be straw, sawdust or another.
Cramped conditions for keeping birds are not suitable. Despite the peaceful nature, and this breed of birds runs out of patience, they begin to conflict. There are no particular difficulties in raising the Kotlyarevsky breed of chickens.
Growing young
This is an important link in poultry farming. Offspring with good health is the key to obtaining high profits from adult chickens. For growing chickens on an industrial scale, a special building is being built - a poultry house (chicken house). It contains 10 or 20 thousand chickens aged from one day to two months.
Chickens are a wholly built room with heating. For this, electric brooders are used, each of which is designed for heating chickens in the amount of 500 individuals. Install brooders on floor beams with fences. If necessary, they can be moved. This is done as the chickens mature. A certain temperature regime is maintained in the room.
When the chickens turn two months old, they are transferred to acclimatizers, which contain up to 15,000 chickens. This room is equipped with a heating system, equipment, ventilation. Of the acclimatizers, chickens are determined to be kept in cages or compartments on the floor. Each room before the transfer of another batch of young animals into it is repaired and thoroughly disinfected.
Distinctive features
Kotlyarevskaya breed of chickens differs in the following features. It is these qualities that farmers primarily mention when speaking about the breed.
- High viability. Almost all chicks grow, their development is normal.
- Calm nature. Get along well with chickens of other breeds, do not show aggression towards them.
- Beautiful appearance.
- High productivity.
- They have a good adaptation to any conditions.
- Gain weight quickly thanks to a good appetite. Everyone eats: compound feed, grain, vegetables, greens.
- They do not need high barriers, as chickens fly extremely rarely.
Why should you breed Kotlyarevsky hens?
Juicy meat with a delicate texture of low-calorie. It is used for various diseases and diets. Among a huge number of meat-egg breeds of chickens for growing on an industrial scale and personal farms, the Kotlyarevsky breed will be the best choice.
For farmers in certain countries with difficult climates, raising chickens is an expensive pleasure, as you have to invest in the construction of additional facilities, equip them with a heating system and so on.
But there is a more acceptable solution. Part of the problems can be solved if the Kotlyarevskaya breed of chickens is selected for breeding, the description and reviews of which are positive. In addition, its main advantage is its good adaptability to any climate. These chickens are indifferent to extreme weather conditions.
In addition, chickens are unpretentious to feed. They do not need special dietary supplements. It is enough to feed them with grain, drink with clean water and provide free walking.