The small Dagestan aul Tsada presented the world with two masters of the word at once - Gamzat Tsadasu and Rasul Gamzatov. Today we will talk about Gamzat Tsadas, whose pseudonym can be translated into Russian as “Fiery”. You will get acquainted with the biography of Gamzat Tsadasa and his work!
Childhood
Gamzat was born in 1877 in the family of an ordinary peasant Yusupil Magoma. The boy was orphaned early - he was only seven years old when his father was gone. Gamzat was handed over to uncle. A special place in the biography of Gamzat Tsadas was occupied by study. At the age of ten, the boy was sent as a guardian to study at a school at the mosque of the village of Ginichutl. He studied Gamzat not only theology. The list of subjects of interest in Tsadas includes geography and law, mathematics and logic, astronomy and the Arabic language.
Work and self-education
After completing his studies at school, Gamzat worked a lot - in the city of Grozny he was engaged in the construction of a railway, in the upper reaches of the Koysu River he worked as a logger. After that, for some time, Gamzat Tsadasa was a Dibir - a priest and a judge in several Dagestan settlements at once.
At the same time, Gamzat was engaged in self-education. At first he studied Arabic poetry. In his library were verses by Omar Khayyam, Navoi, Hafiz, Fizuli, Saadi. He was also familiar with the Shah-name of Firdousi. Gamzat Tsadas, whose biography we are talking about, paid special attention to the work of poets from Dagestan. He was fascinated by the works of E. Emin and Eldarilav, O. Batyray and Tazhutdin Chanka, I. Kazak and Ankhil Marine. Tsadas was interested in the novels of Victor Hugo, Leo Tolstoy, Ivan Krylov, Anton Chekhov.
Gamzat can be safely called an expert on Muslim jurisprudence, and therefore in 1917 he was elected a member (and later chairman) of the Avar Sharia court. In 1920, Tsadas was appointed chairman of the Khunzakh Food Committee, and a year later he was sent to a regional Avar newspaper called Red Mountains. After working in the newspaper, he took the position of clerk of the Khunzakh district executive committee.
The beginning of the creative path
The first verses of Gamzat Tsadas were published in 1891. The very first poetic work is “The Dog of Alibek”. It is worth saying that the pre-revolutionary poetry of Tsadas was exclusively accusatory. All verses of Gamzat were directed against all mullahs, traders. He also spoke out against the norms of adat - customs operating in certain regions. It was on these standards that all cases concerning the theft of brides, blood feud , etc. were decided.
In verses written after the October Revolution, Gamzat acts as a singer of a new life, which came among the mountainous workers. The Avar poet called everywhere to assert the power of the Soviets. The first collection of verses by Gamzat Tsadasa - “Adat's Broom” - was published in 1934. Then Gamzat was recognized as the first national poet of Dagestan.
In the early 30s of the last century, writers from Moscow came to the village of Tsad. Nikolai Tikhonov, Pyotr Pavlenko and Vladimir Lugovsky were very interested in the biography of Gamzat Tsadasa and, of course, his work. Tikhonov, by the way, later recalled this acquaintance. He wrote that Gamzat is the sharpest mind in the entire accident, a fighter with vices such as self-interest and stupidity, a great poet, capable of defeating the enemies of the new regime with just one word, a wise man who is well versed in the most cunning subtleties of Dagestan life. Nikolai Semenovich also noted the fact that Gamzat Tsadasa did not just write poetry, he thought in poetic form!
Popular recognition
The work of Gamzat Tsadasa played a huge role in all Soviet literature. Lines from his works have long been sorted into quotes. Many are probably familiar with his words that all people are monolingual, but at the same time everyone has two ears - in order to hear two words, only one can be said in response.
A significant part of the works of Tsadasa was written for children: he wrote poems, fairy tales and fables for the younger generation. Gamzat Tsadasa also published a collection of magnificent patriotic poems. These poems were especially popular in Dagestan during the Great Patriotic War. Thanks to him, the inhabitants of Dagestan were able to get acquainted with the works of Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin. In the list of the author of comedy and drama, poetic tales, plays and historical poems!
Awards
The poet’s creativity was appreciated by both readers and authorities. During his life, Tsadas received many awards. Among them:
- Stalin Prize;
- title "People's poet of Dagestan";
- The order of Lenin.
Gamzat has medals - “For Valiant Labor” and “For the Defense of the Caucasus”.