The word "verb" is associated with the word "verb", which has the meaning of "speak." What does it mean? Probably, without a verb human speech is impossible at all. These words, denoting action, create a picture of movement, event. And the events in our lives are related to time: they either have already happened, or are happening now, or will happen in the future. Therefore, one of the main morphological features of the verb is its time.
Past, future, present tense of the verb
Verbs of the past tense help to present information about events that took place in the past. In such cases, the proposal often contains circumstances of the time indicating already completed actions. For instance:
- Yesterday I bought textbooks and school supplies.
- A month ago, the boy went to school.
- Last year, our youngest was seven years old.
- I was looking forward to the holidays.
Verbs of the present tense are used in sentences when it is necessary to say about what is happening at the moment in the world, or what is happening continuously for a long time. For instance:
- Children are learning.
- The boy is doing homework.
- The guys are sitting at their desks.
The future tense of the verb is used to report what has not happened yet, but will happen in the future. Such sentences also often use the circumstances of the time. For instance:
- Soon I will learn to read and write.
- Tomorrow the school will have a matinee.
- Mom will send me to school every day at 8 o’clock.
- In the summer we will prepare for school.
Verbs of the past tense
This section is dedicated to past tense verbs. They, as already mentioned above, indicate that the event took place in the past. Verbs of the past tense vary in numbers. For instance:
- My son went to first grade - "went" - the verb units. h
- First-graders today sat down for the first time at their desk - "sat down" - many. h
For past tense verbs, the ending is -and :
- walk - walked;
- look - look;
- to write - to write;
- read - read;
- play - played;
- sit down - sit down;
- to clean - to clean;
- to desire - to desire.
Verbs of the past tense change by gender in the singular:
- The house stood on the shore of the lake (masculine).
- The sun was at its zenith (middle gender).
- The heat was incredible (feminine).
The gender of past tenses depends on the word with which they are associated. If the noun or pronoun is masculine, then the past tense verb will be masculine (the house stood). Words of the middle gender are coordinated with the verb of the middle gender (the sun was standing), female - with the verbs of the female gender (the heat was).
The formation of past tense verbs
Verbs of the past tense are formed as follows.
We take an infinitive, that is, an indefinite form to which you can ask questions: "What to do?", "What to do?" Separate from it. To what remains (production basis), we attach -l . In practice, this happens as follows:
1. Select the basis, that is, take part of the word without -t .
2. Add suffixes of past tense verbs to the base. For instance:
- read - read + l (read);
- play - game + l (played);
- to sow - sowing + l (sowing);
- dispel - dispel + l (dispelled);
- hear - hear + l (heard).
Spelling of past tense verbs
With the formation of verbs understood. The next point worth paying attention to is spelling. The past tense of the verb is formed by attaching to the suffix -l. Pupils should know the spelling "Vowels before -l." The rule you need to know when choosing this spelling is formulated as follows: before -l- write the same letter as before -t. For instance:
- to melt - melted;
- glue - glued;
- winnow - winnow;
- deflate - deflate;
- roll out - rolled out;
- hang - hanged;
- to hang - hung up;
- peck - pecked.
Morphological analysis of past tense verbs
If you know what suffixes of past tense verbs exist, then highlighting such words in the text will not be difficult. For example, we make a morphological analysis of the verbs from the sentence "The little boy hoped and believed that his mother would buy him a computer."
In the word "hoped" we can safely highlight the suffix -l-. If you change the form of the word from time to time, you can find out that the verb has one more suffix: not done - I hope (hope is the root, -I- is the verb suffix). Since we know that past tense verbs vary in numbers and cases, we can easily identify the ending. In the word “hoped”, the ending is zero, because the endings expressed in letters in past tense verbs can be like this:
- -and (plural);
- -a (unit part female);
- -o (unit part of the middle kind).
Zero ending matters. numbers husband. kind of.
If the ending is not expressed in letters, then -sya is a suffix (return).
In the word "believed" the suffix of the past tense -l-. We change the form of time: believe, believe. Hence, the verb suffix is ---. The ending is zero, not expressed by the letter, which means the gender is masculine. The root of the word is ver-.
Practical work
1. What are the numbers of sentences where the tense of the verb in italics is incorrectly defined:
1. We expected the guys to come soon (future tense).
2. Immediately after class, I go to the section (future).
3. I did my homework last night (past).
4. In a few days I ’ll go to the theater to play “Pinocchio” (future).
5. I remembered the performance and thought, hid in a corner and sit (present).
6. Outside the whole day rain is raining (real).
7. Very soon leave at sea (present).
8. I went to the station, and you will collect everything you need for the first time (past).
9. Have you already gone (past)?
10. This time we will act differently (future).
11. I have been doing gymnastics for a whole year (past).
12. From the age of ten, she won competitions (past).
13. A rainbow (past) hung over the forest and field.
14. Soon mom will come home from work (future).
2. Verbs of the past tense vary in numbers and gender. Form the past tense from these verbs and change them:
- cherish;
- lay down;
- wipe;
- cheat;
- grind;
- depend.
The answers
1. What are the numbers of sentences where the tense of the verb in italics is incorrectly defined:
2) I go - the present;
8) collect - the future tense;
11) doing - the present.
2. From these verbs form the past tense and change them:
- to cherish - cherished, cherished, cherished, cherished;
- lay - lay, lay, lay, lay;
- to wipe - wiped, wiped, wiped, wiped;
- to deceive - deceived, deceived, deceived, deceived;
- grind - grind, grind, ramololi;
- depend - depended, depended, depended, depended.