Learning the Russian language is the process that accompanies a person’s whole life. No matter how paradoxical this may sound, for many years every day we learn something new about our native language. Moreover, it was proved that it is impossible to fully learn it. The reason lies in a rather simple thing - the language is constantly being improved, and the changes introduced into it are not the initiative of one person or group of people. The native speaker is the people. As a result, he is improving it. Nevertheless, there are a number of basic pillars on which the whole grammar of the Russian language is built. They are studied in the school curriculum, starting with elementary school and ending with graduation classes.
For many who prefer a liberal education, the study does not end there and continues at the university, where the etymology of certain features is more deeply understood. But let us dwell on the most basic — that which is studied by one of the very first — parts of speech. In this article, we will try to figure out what questions the noun answers and talk about everything related to it.
Parts of speech
It's no secret that in Russian all words are divided into parts of speech - large groups to which belong from a few words to hundreds of thousands. Those, in turn, are divided into independent and official. This is known from the school curriculum. Nevertheless, it is easy to guess that the independent parts of speech are used an order of magnitude more often than official ones. However, even without them it is impossible to speak - here all-known conjunctions, particles, prepositions, and so on belong here. We are all used to using words. The noun among them will be predominant. Why this is so will be said below.
Independent parts of speech: noun
So what is a noun? In general, the very sounding of this word indicates its etymology - “exists”. So, it points to an object. Indeed, a noun denotes an object. But this is only conditional. By the concept of an object is meant not only something tangible, but also any feelings, emotions. This will become clear when we figure out what questions the noun answers. In general, it is not difficult. It is enough to ask anyone to name something "noun", and a lot of objects will come to mind. Thus, this part of speech denotes an object, tangible or not - it does not matter. In a word, nouns surround us everywhere.
Nouns
Many people ask what questions the noun answers. Everything is pretty trivial, because you should look at any subject and mentally ask yourself: “What is this?” That, in fact, is all. Nouns in a speech answer two main questions: “who?” So what?". The first type of question is used to denote a living object, namely a person, an animal; the second can be set in all other cases. By the way, an interesting fact. In English, only a person is considered alive and animated.
Noun Parameters
Like any other part of speech, a noun has some parameters used to characterize it. Firstly, this case is one of the main parameters of this part. It has a variable character. Declination - depends on the gender and ending of the noun. These two characteristics will be discussed separately. The meaning of a noun may vary by gender. In the Russian language there are cases when, despite its obviousness, it is rather difficult to determine the correct gender. The form of a word depends on the number, singular or plural.
Cases of nouns
As mentioned above, this part of speech has, in fact, two main parameters - declension and case. It depends on what meanings they take, what questions the noun answers. The rules of the Russian language say that there are six cases, namely the nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, instrumental, prepositional. In elementary school, many of them were memorized with the help of a light rhyme in which the first letters of the words indicate the cases: "Ivan gave birth to a girl, ordered to drag the diaper." Only in such cases can a noun be found. The table of questions will help to correlate the word and case.
Declension of nouns
In general, three declensions are defined: the first, second, and third. The first includes all masculine and feminine nouns ending in –a, –i. The second declension is characterized by masculine and neuter nouns with endings –e, –o, or zero. The last group includes feminine words with – at the end. Many are not able to determine which group a particular noun belongs to. Examples will help with this. The first declension is the words “dad”, “mother” and so on, the second is “elephant”, “horse”, “window”, the third is “mother”, “night”. Accordingly, all these three examples can determine which of the groups the noun belongs to.
Nouns in speech
As already noted, this part of speech is one of the most popular. This is easily explained, because right now we can name any noun. Examples can be very different - from the objects surrounding us, to any thought or idea that has arisen in the head. So, it is easy to guess why this part of speech plays such an important role in our life, and so much has been devoted to its study. By and large, all people are nouns - animate objects. For example, a name means a living person, which means that all personal names also refer to this part of speech. It can be concluded that without a noun it is impossible to exist.
Proposal role
Sentences are words. The noun is one of its main segments. It can take on several possible roles at once. First, as often happens, this is the main member of the sentence - the subject. However, for this, the word must be in the
nominative case, namely, to answer the question "what?" or who?". Secondly, a noun can become a complement. Here it can be in any case, except nominative. In rare cases, when a verb is missing, a noun can assume the role of a predicate. One of the simplest examples is the sentence “He is a man”, where the pronoun “he” is a subject, and the noun “man” plays the role of a predicate.
Parsing a Noun
Often there is a task in which a detailed analysis of the word is required. Here we will analyze all the points.
- The word itself should be indicated to which part of the speech it refers. In our case, this is a noun, which means it should be determined whether this object is animated or not. It should be noted that sometimes in author’s works the word is taken out of context and in itself can mean something completely different. Unfortunately, what to do in this case, there is no right decision.
- In the second paragraph, you need to make a phrase with our noun, identifying the question. Also indicate the initial form - in the singular nominative case. If there is no singular, for example, like the word "pants", use in the plural.
- The third paragraph indicates mutable and immutable characteristics. The second group includes declination, genus. To the first - case and number. The last thing to understand is the syntactic role of the word in the sentence. To do this, a phrase is drawn up, a question is asked, with the help of which it is determined "who" is the noun in the sentence.
In order to do the analysis without errors, you need to be well-versed in concepts and be able to operate them. In addition, you need to have a so-called flair that will help to correctly determine the role of a noun in a sentence and successfully ask a question.
Noun Examples
It is sometimes difficult to determine the meaning of a noun for the reason that you have never encountered such a word so far. There is absolutely nothing wrong with this, because the Russian language is so rich that no one can know all the words that are used in it. These are special terms and local word forms. Of course, common words can “decipher” everything. Although, for example, the word "class" is a noun? Not always.
Yes, on the one hand, it can mean a room for classes, and on the other, an appraisal judgment about something, and this is no longer a noun, but an interjection. This suggests that it is possible to determine which part of speech a word refers to and which has meaning only in context. However, most substantive names have the same meaning.
Conclusion
In conclusion, it should be said that every Russian person must know his own language. Unfortunately, despite the fact that a special place in the school curriculum is given to its study, most of the inhabitants of our country do not know how to correctly place the stress and write with errors. The point is elementary literacy, not science. The developed system of not only school, but also higher education does not guarantee the level of knowledge that every citizen should have. In most cases, it depends on the person personally, on his desire to learn to speak and write correctly. Of course, a lot depends on the culture of the language environment in which the personality grows and is brought up. So, an experiment was conducted, the results of which indicated that a child growing up with well-spoken parents had a greater tendency to express his thoughts eloquently than his peer brought up in a more aggressive language environment. Thus, we can conclude that the culture of human speech is established from childhood and in many respects determines how much he will be literate in the future.