Good knowledge of the Russian language is impossible without studying the historical laws of its development. The processes that have taken place and have become entrenched in the language a long time ago are very important for its study. Turning to history will help explain what at first glance is not amenable to explanation. All of the above fully relates to the stated topic of the article, in which we will talk about what full consensus is in the Russian language.
Phonetic processes in linguistics
The modern Russian language in ancient times was the language of the Eastern Slavs. They were part of the Slavic branch of the Indo-European tree of languages. In the 14th century, the ancestor (Old Russian language) broke up into Russian, Belarusian and Ukrainian. Each of them develops in its own way, but there are common features.
In the Russian language there are many Old Slavs. They have their own characteristics, which appeared in connection with some phenomena in the language. Given the historical processes, we can talk about many of them. This is assonance, dissonance, reduction, stunning and others.
Next, consider what full consensus is in Russian. Despite the complexity of this process, it should be noted that the changes as a result of this phenomenon in the Russian language are noticeable. All words with full consonance are divided into three groups:
- Historically cognate words with full and disagreement exist in parallel. For example, bere g - coastal, golos - headed, but heres - bere and others.
- Words that have only complete dissenting combinations, and incomplete were lost. For example, harrow , harrow , olom and others.
- Words are only with disagreement, and complete dissent is lost. For example, in lag , with ram , in time and others.
Full consonance in Russian
In connection with the historical development of the language, one can speak of such a thing as full consensus. The roots of the Russian language are in Old Slavonic. Old Slavonic is the language of church books. It is understood by the ancient Slavs. There were words with disagreeable combinations. For example, in a rn, b re d, d las , etc. In modern Russian, they correspond to the words in Oro n, Bereg , Golos , etc.
Thus, in order to understand what full consensus is, one must look into the historical processes that took place in the language. They fully explain this phenomenon. Full consonance is the presence in the words of the Eastern Slavs of the combinations -olo-, -ere-, -oro-, which correspond to the Old Slavonic -ra-, -la-, -re-, -le-. For example, m olo ko m le ko.
The full consonance itself consists of two vowels and a sonorous (unpaired voiced consonant) between them. In a word, they are between consonants. With disagreement in the Indo-European language, these combinations corresponded to diphthonic combinations, that is, the vowel in this syllable could sound, but it could not. In Old Russian, these were reduced sounds. For example, olonia is malonia.
Words with full consensus, examples of which are given in the article, are often used in ordinary speech. Disagreement is more characteristic of poetry. For example, A.S. Pushkin’s read “In the depths of Siberian ores , you should be proud of patience ...” (x orite).
Examples of words with full consonance
In Russian, you can distinguish full-dissent and non-dissenting couples. But it so happens that sometimes today a dissenting form persists, while full consensus is considered archaism. For example, we have a word in pa g, and in oro g it has gone out of use.
Sometimes words with complete consonance, examples of which exist today, have a different meaning than a word with disagreement. Thus, the following pairs can be distinguished: a bead (groove) - a back (board), a short (in size) - a short (in time), x oron (interred) - x bean ( take care) and others.
The above examples will help to understand what full consonance is in Russian.
The word thief
Not every word in which there are such combinations can be attributed to complete or dissenting. You can talk about this phenomenon when a word has a pair.
To understand if there is complete consensus in the word "thief", take a look at the dictionary. This word is derived from the word "thief" with the suffix -ovk- and means a female person. The word is expressively dismissive. Take at least the nursery rhyme "The thief-thief cooked porridge ..."
Since the vowels in complete consonance are at the root, it can be concluded that there is no consensus in the word "thief".
Different roots
Along with the East Slavic consonance, disagreements appeared in the Old Russian language, which came from the Old Slavonic written monuments. As you can see, in the course of historical development in the language there were various processes that were reflected in the spelling of words.
Full consensus-disagreement is fundamentally the result of historical development. Old Slavic inconsistent forms bear the imprint of solemnity. Therefore, they were widely used by writers and poets of the nineteenth century. So A.S. In a poem about St. Petersburg, Pushkin uses three such words in one quatrain: city, country , country . By this, he wanted to show the greatness of a city built among the northern marshes and became a "window to Europe."
Also examples of incomplete forms can be found in phraseological units. For example, “the voice of one crying in the wilderness” we call some vain calls; "with m la breath nails" means "from childhood"; "boils with butter and honey" they say about a rich man.
But what is full consonance can be seen in such words as “sparrow”, “crow”, “cow”, “milk” and many others.
This is the historical principle of spelling. Basically, such words are designed for memorization, and therefore are included in the spelling minimum. While working with such words, a historical excursion is made that explains many of the spellings.
We are writing correctly
Words with disagreement have an stressed syllable in which the vowel is in a strong position. There are no difficulties when writing such words. Few people make a mistake in words such as "p re x", "p re x", "for easy ", "for good", etc.
And what is full consonance? .. In a full-consonant combination, one of the vowels is in a weak position. It must either be checked or memorized. From this position, words with full consonance can be divided into two groups: a vowel can be checked or it is a sovar word.
For example, in the word "b Yere g" the first vowel is in a strong position, the second is checked by the word "left-arm Ebony. But in the word "in oro bay" the second vowel can be checked ("in oro bush"), but the first can not. This is a vocabulary word. Such words are included in the spelling minimum of the student in each year of study.