In the general case, the user interface is a set of physical and logical principles for the interaction of technical means, that is, a set of temporary agreements and rules of algorithms for exchanging data between components. Often, an interface is called software and hardware that implements the interface between nodes and devices of computing systems. This concept applies to all physical and logical means of interaction between the computing system and the external environment, for example, the operating system with the operator, as well as the like.
User Interface: Views
It is customary to distinguish them by such characteristics as the connection method, the structure of communications, the method of data transfer, synchronization, and management principles. We can distinguish the intramachine interface, which is a pairing of blocks and nodes with each other. There are two options for organizing this type of interface: multiply connected, in which each unit of the computer is connected by its local wires to other units; simply connected, as a result of this all blocks of the computer are connected through a common system bus to each other.
The external interface is a communication system of the system unit with the periphery of the computer or with other computers. Here, it is also customary to distinguish several types: interfaces of peripheral devices, network interfaces.
A user interface or a human-computer interface is a way of interaction between a person and a computer. If he answers user needs and knows his weaknesses, then he is focused on the person. The machine part of the interface is the part that is implemented in a machine that uses the capabilities of computer technology. The user interface is the part that is implemented by a person taking into account weaknesses, needs, habits, as well as the ability to learn and other factors. A system of national and international standards prescribes how the most common interfaces should look.
User Interfaces: Classification
There are three types: command, SILK and WIMP. At the command interface, the process of interaction between a person and a computer is carried out by giving the computer the commands executed by it, after which the result is issued to the user. At the moment, this technology is practically not used. WIMP differs in that the dialogue between a computer and a person is carried out using graphic windows, menus, and other similar elements. Despite the fact that signals are also sent to the machine in such an interface, this is done through graphic elements. At the moment, the graphical user interface is an integral part of any computer. It was implemented as two different levels: a simple and complete WINP interface.
SILK-interface is most close to the usual form of communication for a person. Within its framework, a normal conversation between a person and a computer takes place. The computer analyzes human speech and finds commands for itself in it, after which it implements them. The result of the execution of commands is translated into a form understandable to humans. SILK-interface uses: semantic interface; speech technology; mimic interface.
Currently, all types of computers use the WIMP interface. The user interface is closely interconnected with psychology and ergonomics. Psychology studies the behavior of a person in different situations, his mentality, intelligence, external and internal factors of irritation, reactions and habits. Ergonomics is studying the principles of human interaction with machines. With a thorough study of all this, programmers manage to create user-friendly interfaces that are convenient for the user to work with.