The recipient is the recipient of the message, the recipient of the speech, the listener, the interlocutor, the audience and so on.
The speaker speaks not to space, but to the listener, so the personality of the latter organizes communication. Its various characteristics are important: gender, age, position in society, role function, appearance. These and other parameters need to focus your speech so that it is correctly understood. And they are set by the addressee. The addressee strives to be understandable and close to the addressee. Or, on the contrary, demonstrates his difference from him, well-read, educated, superior.
The addressee and addressee are participants in the communication.
The role of the addressee in the theory of speech acts and genres
Each speech act is focused on a specific model of the addressee and takes into account his communicative interests, the speaker has responsibilities to him. Associated with it is the socio-ethical side of speech and its organization by the speaker.
Acts of speech and genres in many ways differ from each other precisely in that they imply different listeners in different situations: request, order, demand, compliment, praise.
Types of Destinations
In the sphere of verbal official communication, the addressee may be personal or impersonal, single or multiple. In official personal communication (conversation at the institution, at the police, in court), the addressee is personal.
Mass communication differs significantly from all other types of communication. Her addressee is always a multitude. Different subtypes of public communication (collective or mass) also have different destinations. Collective communication (report, lecture, speech at the meeting) is addressed to the team.
On the contrary, in various types of informal communication, speech is addressed to an individual person (regardless of the number of communication participants).
Change of roles in communication
The addressee is not only a passive listener. The constancy or inconstancy of the role that the addressee plays in communication is very important. Thus, the conditions of mass communication do not allow him to take the position of the speaker himself. In oral speech in a team, such a change of roles is possible within certain limits and varieties: interviews, discussions. Personal official communication allows the transformation of the addressee into the addressee and sometimes even requires it. In an informal setting, even a monologue (the addressee’s story about something) always includes dialogue elements (that is, it implies a listener reaction).
The difference between mass destination and collective
The mass addressee differs from the collective one not only quantitatively. The mass addressee is a listener of mass media - television, radio. He has no opportunity to participate in this conversation as a speaker: he can neither agree, nor object, nor interrupt the addressee. In contrast, the collective addressee is associated with the speaker, although he does not take part in the speech, the roles remain constant. But the collective addressee can in one way or another demonstrate their reaction verbally (screams from the audience: “You can’t hear! Repeat!”) Or non-verbally (nods, smiles, laughter, applause, whistle).
Now you know that the addressee is a very important concept!