There are a large number of categories into which modern information systems are divided . Their examples are found in almost every modern company, with each category occupying a certain niche in the production cycle, performing a full range of actions related to the information support of an enterprise.
What are they like?
As mentioned above, there are several main types into which information systems are divided. Examples:
- ERP Designed for resource planning company.
- CRM A unique model of interaction, which assumes that the client is at the center of the business philosophy, and the measures aimed at supporting sales, effective marketing and customer service are the main areas of activity of this company.
- ECM Technical architecture and strategic infrastructure designed to support a single life cycle of unstructured content of various formats and types.
- CPM A business performance management framework that covers the full range of tasks related to financial and strategic business management.
- HRM The scope of theoretical and practical activities, the main purpose of which is the timely provision of the company with personnel, as well as the most rational use of the forces of employees.
- EAM . This information system is used to automate processes related to equipment maintenance and repair. Also, this system provides after-sales service for this equipment.
- EDMS Accounting information systems that are intended to manage the documents of the enterprise.
- Workflow The system that is responsible for the circulation of documents at the enterprise, starting from the standard order and ending with the final routes and versions of the documentation used.
- Collaboration . A system that is intended for electronic interaction of company employees. It is worth noting that in this case, the interaction is informal, as is the case with the Workflow system, and at the same time it is not a standard archive like EDMS.
Now it is worth considering each in more detail.
ERP
These are more accounting information systems that can be used in several variations:
- The construction of a complete information system in order to identify and plan all the resources of the company.
- Formation of a methodology for effective planning and management of resources available to the company that may be required for production, sales, procurement, and also accounting for the execution of certain orders.
Now consider what ERP-information systems are. Examples of them will also be given below.
ERP-system fully automates the procedures that form business processes. For example, this may relate to the fulfillment of a customer’s order, which includes directly accepting an order, providing an invoice, placing an order, receiving a cash payment for its fulfillment, unloading the desired product from the warehouse, and its subsequent delivery to the destination. In this case, ERP is used to process the sales order and subsequently fulfill the functions of a guidebook that will automate certain steps related to the execution of the order, including also a procedure such as a test. Information systems in this case take on the full organization.
CRM
CRM is a specialized customer relationship management concept. With reference to the term of managing the business of a certain company, these are commercial information systems for organizing the work of the company, focused on the needs of the buyer, as well as on ensuring extremely active and fruitful work with him. CRM is aimed at the ultimate improvement in sales of a particular product or service, and not at manufacturing.
If we look at the examples of CRM-information systems, then we can single out a free and at the same time fairly simple project that was developed by FOSS-On-Line.
ECM
The ECM is the basic infrastructure, as well as the technical architecture, necessary to support a single life cycle of chaotic information of various formats and types. Such systems are composed of a number of proposals that interact with each other, and can also be applied and sold subsequently as a separate product.
CPM
CPM is a complex of several methodologies, as well as metrics, industry models and processes that provide effective management and monitoring of the performance of a particular company. CPM technology is an extension, as well as further development of the concept of information-analytical systems. It is also used as a supplement to reporting and analysis of the functions of consolidation, strategic planning, budgeting and further forecasting.
HRM
HRM is an automated integrated system necessary for personnel management. Considering the classes of information systems and comparing this with others, we can say that this one has a wider functionality. In addition to the unique accounting and settlement system, as well as various modules that can be used to process quantitative data, it also includes a specialized HR-circuit that is designed to interact with quality indicators of employees.
EAM
EAM classes of information systems are intended for automation of processes related to the maintenance of various equipment, its restoration, as well as for further maintenance. They can quite often be used in various enterprises where significant production capacities are involved, or in those for which it is important to have reliable and at the same time stable operation of the equipment.
The use of this system can significantly reduce costs related to maintenance and repair of equipment, which will significantly affect the stability of products, reduce unplanned downtime of working equipment, and ultimately will also minimize the cost of production and, accordingly, increase the final profit.
EDMS
This system is used to manage company documentation, and its main task is to journal, store and then archive in a certain place the maximum amount of documentation so that all the necessary data cannot be lost in the life cycles of the company. In particular, it can also be legal information systems.
The use of EDMS is often found in order to provide an optimized search for various information entered, as well as accelerated input and output of the one that was entered earlier. In other words, this system is comparable to a large electronic archive, as well as the initial makings of Workflow technology.
Workflow
Workflow is a kind of conveyor of electronic document circulation in the office, in connection with which they can also be legal information systems. It is optimized for the current rules of electronic document management. An order in such systems includes its description, deadlines, lists of responsible employees, as well as files used and a number of other attributes. The instructions in this case represent the basis for working with traditional documentation.
Also, this system can be characterized as a fully structured ED system, which has rather strict rules for moving documents, instructions and creating electronic archives, as well as journaling all incoming and outgoing correspondence. At the same time, all information is stored in one place, which greatly simplifies the search for the required documentation, as well as access to it.
Collaboration
This is an unstructured information system. The communication region of the company’s employees in this case works on the principle of verbal communication, that is, the person who gives the order, in this case, is involved in monitoring and maintaining detailed records in a certain blog, which may be available to various employees or groups of employees. In addition, this system also provides for the management of forums, personal correspondence, e-mail and various virtual negotiation processes.