Each person has relatives. With them, he shares a common set of genes and one ancestor. Words also have relatives. They are united by the same root and similar lexical meaning. It is transmitted from word to word, like genes in a person, and takes on certain shades depending on the set of prefixes, suffixes, etc.
Today we’ll talk about words with the root “common . ” This is a fairly large group, which includes various parts of speech. But first, let's decide on the basic concepts.
What is root
It is in plants, teeth, hair. The root is the foundation on which everything rests. A man also has roots - this is his pedigree, nationality, the history of the place where he lives and his ancestors lived. What influenced the formation of personality became its basis. Some kind of elusive mental connection, transmitted from one generation of the family to another.
In linguistics, the root is a common part of related words. To select it, you need to drop all affixes and find the indivisible basis further. It is in it that the basic meaning of the word lies. For example, in the chain birch - birch - the birch root will be "birch" .
All related words go back to one etymon and can be explained through it. For example, birch - having something in common with birch; boletus - a mushroom growing under a birch.
The meaning of the root is "common"
It came from the pro -Slavic word "obtio" , which translates as "what is around." Over time, the meaning and sound have changed. Now the root words with the root "common" indicate a unifying property, quality, action. Examples:
- generalization - a logical operation based on the identification of common signs of objects or phenomena;
- community - an organization of people for which collective ownership of property and the equal distribution of goods are characteristic;
- communication - the process of establishing contacts between individuals;
- accomplice - a like-minded person who assisted in the commission of a crime;
- attach - to make someone involved, to include in a certain group.
As you can see, all these words reflect the unity of objects, phenomena or people. This should be considered when selecting related tokens.
Words with the root "common"
Many of us have children. And, of course, parents have to help them with homework. Teachers demand that primary school children quickly select examples of cognate words, grade 2 is the period when this skill is actively mastered. Moms and dads help their child learn it by exercising at home.
What is required to select related words? Everything is very simple: we take the root “common” and substitute various prefixes, suffixes, endings to it. For example, community, community, non-community . It is important to remember that cognates have different lexical meanings, although they are similar to each other. But sometimes the addition of new suffixes, endings and postfixes changes only the grammatical meaning: general - general - general (gender), communicated - communicated - communicated (time), society-society-society-society (case). These are forms of the same word with the same meaning. They cannot continue a series of related tokens.
A bit about parts of speech
Among the root words can be nouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs, etc. You can not focus on part of the speech, selecting related tokens. With the example of words with the root "common" this can be easily verified. Among them are:
- Nouns: communication, hostel, community, social scientist .
- Adjectives: sociable, social, accomplice, compulsory.
- Verbs: communicate, generalize, disconnect .
- Adverbs: together, generalized .
- Communion: communicating, communicating .
Word formation methods
It is impossible not to recall them, speaking of the selection of cognate tokens. Understanding how new words are formed saves you from mistakes and makes the task easier. So, in Russian, the following methods are most common:
- Suffix. With its help, a lot of words are formed from the root “common” : communication, communicated, society, community, community member, sociable .
- Prefixal. The word is formed by adding a prefix to the production basis: sociable - non- communicative .
- Prefix Suffix. There are enough examples: an accomplice, accomplice, disconnection, generalization, join .
- Addition. Two bases or a basis and a whole word are taken, from which a new one is obtained: universal, uncommunicative, dormitory, public catering, citywide, social studies, common , etc. Such words have two roots, through the meanings of which they can be explained.
Examples: uncommunicative - one who communicates little; social science - knowledge of society; dormitory - a place where they live together; catering - catering.
How to avoid mistakes
Choosing the same root words, it is important not to rely only on their similar sound. In Russian, there is the concept of homonymy. Roots can be pronounced and spelled the same way, but have different meanings. For example, a mountain is a mountain . At the first glance, this does not apply to root words with the root “common” . After all, they do not have homonyms.
But, nevertheless, schoolchildren manage to make mistakes, including in a number of related words such as "pluck , " "click . " You can avoid this by observing simple rules:
- Pay attention to the meaning of tokens. We have already said that the root “common” indicates a unifying feature. Plucking means breaking something from something (for example, feathers from a bird carcass). Flip - knock down with clicks. As you can see, even by the meaning of the words, one can guess that they are superfluous in the family series.
- Change the word by removing or adding prefixes, suffixes, endings to find the root. Plucking - pinching , clicking - clicking . Having done this, we will make sure that the "about" in this case is a prefix, and the roots will be a "pin" and a "click" .
The ability to select related lexemes will come in handy when searching for test words. And the root “common” will remind you that a person needs the presence of close people, friendly communication and a sense of spiritual unity.