Yaroslavl oil refinery (YaNPZ) them. D. I. Mendeleev refers to the pioneer enterprises of the chemical industry in Russia. Created in the 19th century and repeatedly modernized, it became one of the flagships of the industry of the Yaroslavl region. Today, YaNPZ is one of the oldest operating petrochemical plants in the world.
Prerequisites for the creation
By the end of the 19th century, the United States was the leading supplier of motor oils to the world market due to the development of Texas oil fields. The Russian Empire also produced large quantities of oil - in Baku, but it was used irrationally.
Change the situation decided industrialist and public figure V. I. Ragozin. In 1874, he sought permission from the government to build one of the country's first large oil refineries. However, before this, it was necessary to develop new technologies for producing lighting and lubricating oils from oil. This was attended by employees of Moscow University, and in particular professor of chemistry V.V. Markovnikov.
Start
Achievements of Russian scientists were embodied at YaNPZ them. D. I. Mendeleev, who began work on 1.10.1879. The Yaroslavl (Konstantinovsky) plant is not in vain named after the eminent chemist. Dmitry Ivanovich (in fact, like Ragozin) insisted that it was imperative not to export crude oil, but to process it in Russia.
By the way, in 1881 Mendeleev visited the enterprise and participated in the refinement of the technological process. Especially the brilliant chemist was inspired by the country's first cube of continuous distillation of petroleum products.
The enterprise gradually developed. If at the beginning of the journey the factory workers were engaged in the primary distillation of oil, the selection of distillates and, at the final stage, the production of mineral lubricants, then a few years later the assortment included over two dozen types of products. Some of the manufacturing techniques were completely new. IN AND. Ragozin managed to achieve the release of oleonaft (petroleum products) of unsurpassed purity for that time, which was noted by numerous awards and prizes.
Power of advice
After the revolution, the Yaroslavl province was away from the fronts of the civil war. Therefore, the work of YaNPZ them. DI. Mendeleev did not stop. For example, in 1922, the collective achieved a productivity of 107% relative to 1914.
In the 1930s, Soviet scientists had already begun to develop new methods for refining crude oil. Their achievements were primarily embodied at the Yaroslavl plant. So, in 1931, the first residual oil refining workshop in the Soviet Union was launched, a cracking unit was put into operation, production of new types of lubricants (grease, low-curing, high-melting and others) was launched.
Stages of development
With the outbreak of war, the importance of YaNPZ them. D. I. Mendeleev only increased. Chemical plants in Baku experienced serious problems with the transportation of petroleum products "to the mainland." Yaroslavl plant became the lifesaver of Soviet industry. Despite periodic but intensive bombing, the team in 1942-1943 was able to increase productivity by 20%, despite the fact that the capacities were already loaded to the limit.
After the war, the Yaroslavl refinery continued to develop. The quality of its products met international standards, due to which deliveries were made to foreign countries: India, Finland, East Germany, Czechoslovakia, Iraq, Vietnam, African countries. On the eve of the centenary, the achievements of factory workers were awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor. In the 1980s, the company could already produce fifty types of petroleum products.
Time for a change
On June 15, 1993, the plant was incorporated. In 1995, OAO YaNPZ im. D. I. Mendeleev ”joined the structure of Slavneft. By this time, the equipment was outdated, and the leadership was in no hurry to carry out a large-scale modernization. There was a period when the enterprise did not work, many employees had to leave their native production.
Fortunately, the crisis YaNPZ them. D. I. Mendeleev survived. In 2012, the company was bought by the OilGazSbyt company. After six years of downtime, the equipment began to work again, although not in full. The plant entered breakeven production.
Bankruptcy
At JSC "YaNPZ them. D. I. Mendeleev ”in 2014, the owner changed again. The controlling stake was transferred to CJSC Mendeleev Group. Large financial resources were spent on the reconstruction of the enterprise. This paid off: the productivity of some sites almost doubled. In 2015, the refinery processed a little more than 129,000 tons of oil.
However, in 2016, lenders demanding repayment of loans borrowed for modernization filed a lawsuit in order to declare the company bankrupt. The team was in a difficult situation.
Prospects
However, the conflicting parties found common ground. In the summer of 2017, the production cycle was launched. At this time, Moscow Credit Bank buys power and adopts a development program estimated at 4.5 billion rubles. On the basis of the YaNPZ it is planned to build a powerful complex for liquefying natural gas.