Energy at the present stage of development offers highly effective means of distributing the target resource between consumers. Large enterprises-suppliers of electricity seek to use methods to maintain proper voltage on the lines and minimize losses. In part, these tasks are solved through the use of wiring materials with optimal characteristics. But this is not always possible, and as an alternative, the installation of a transformer substation is carried out, providing support for the optimal parameters on the line. Most often, the converter function is implemented in this way, the quality of which is determined by the characteristics of the installation itself and the correctness of the installation work.
What is a transformer substation?
Typically, substations of this type form a whole complex of electrical installations that perform the conversion and distribution of energy. The complex also includes switchgears, control devices and auxiliary facilities, which include transformer substations. Depending on the place of application, this design can perform different tasks. For example, as part of a rural rural infrastructure, the installation of a transformer substation is often performed in order to reduce the network voltage, as well as to distribute the resource along the lines of consumer stations. At the same time, the substations themselves differ. To date, mast, complete and enclosed structures are distinguished. Each type provides its own specific operation and installation.
General technology of substation installation
The process of implementation of installation activities can be divided into three stages - preparation, construction work and equipment arrangement. At the first stage, specialists develop a kind of project, according to which the delivery of components to the working object will be carried out. Next, construction operations are carried out, which are most often expressed in the construction of the foundation. To do this, dig a pit, fill it with bulk materials and install racks. Thus, a site is prepared on which the installation of overhead power lines and transformer substations with adjacent technical components is carried out.
As for the direct installation of electrical equipment, it is most often delivered in special cabinets with protective structures that are welded to the same racks or securely fixed to the foundation with mortars.
Mast Substation Installation Instructions
The set of this station includes a power transformer box, high-voltage arresters, a disconnector, fuses and distribution cabinets. The implementation of the project, again, consists of transportation activities, assembly activities and the direct installation of supports in the pits, followed by the installation of the main set of equipment. Special attention is paid to the electrical connection of the devices with each other, after which the audit and adjustment of the equipment are performed.
Actually, the installation of a mast transformer, the substation of which organizes the connection between the high-voltage line and the power electrical unit, differs only in a special approach to the installation of supports. Depending on the installation scheme of the equipment, single supporting elements, U-shaped and end racks can be used. Moreover, the installation of supports is carried out by a truck crane, as, incidentally, by the positioning of the main equipment of the transformer.
Instructions for installing a complete substation
Installation work in the case of complete substations also includes the implementation of transportation measures, installation of equipment on a foundation, alignment, bolting, welding, electrical connection of components, connecting cables and setting up equipment. Of particular importance is the assembly of substations, in which the connection of the terminals of the low voltage windings must be correctly performed. Separate blocks are installed in turn - first, plugs are removed from each component, which cover the protruding ends of the tires. Further, lifting brackets are removed from the supporting channels, and fastening is carried out.
It is important to note that the installation of a complete transformer substation requires constant monitoring of the coincidence of the horizontal and vertical axis of the contacts. To control such connections, by the way, special switches are ordered at the factory.
Instructions for installing a closed substation
A feature of installation work in the case of closed substations is their implementation in the building. Therefore, in the room where it is planned to use this design, all finishing activities must first be completed. Typically, station blocks are located in different rooms. Next, a high voltage is supplied - by power cable or overhead line. Distributors will also occupy separate rooms, and full-fledged transformers are usually installed in two technical rooms. In this case, the installation of the transformer substation is carried out on the foundation with subsequent rolling along the rails using a winch or tackle.
Installation of grounding equipment for substations
A properly made grounding base will ensure the prevention of short circuits hazardous to equipment, as well as enable emergency mode to be activated on time. The grounding function is most often performed by natural objects of engineering infrastructure, including a pipeline, cable sheath or metal structure. The geometric parameters of the grounding device are determined by calculation - depending on the electrical resistance in the soil and the material contained in it. Distributed and installation of equipment of transformer substations using artificial earthing. In such cases, strips or rods of steel that are screwed into the ground can be used.
Reviews on installation work
As noted by customer reviews of the installation of transformer substations, the best results are shown by teams of universal specialists. It is important to understand that this work requires different skills in terms of training. The same reviews indicate the high-quality fulfillment of their tasks by electricians, but at the same time their inability to adequately cope with the formation of power fasteners for equipment. In addition, the installation of a transformer substation is recommended only in good weather. This is important, since precipitation significantly complicates the workflow at each stage, forcing the use of insulating materials.
Conclusion
Despite the similarity of modern substations with similar units that were used many years ago, the current principles for the organization of electrical equipment of this type have significant features. In many ways, they determine what the installation method and its technology will be. Installation of transformer substations with automation and an abundance of protective systems, for example, allows the possibility of interaction with a wide range of auxiliary installations.
Accordingly, even at the stage of designing the site, it is possible to provide for the possibility of expanding the local complex. Another thing is that far from every case the existence of an expensive automatic system and the use of multicomponent electrical modules justifies itself.