In the modern world there are a sufficient number of rich people who do not know where to spend their money wisely. Someone just lives for their pleasure, not doing anything, but there are those who invest their finances to develop their own business. One of the most difficult, but profitable areas in business is the banking sector. To start working in it, in addition to an impressive investment, you need extensive experience in the field of financial services and the availability of special knowledge. As practice shows, opening a credit institution is quite difficult, and even more difficult to successfully manage it. According to statistics, many companies close several years after the opening. Nevertheless, successful entrepreneurs continue to wonder how to open their bank in Russia from scratch. The step-by-step instructions in this article will help you with this.
Classification of credit organizations
So, you have clearly decided for yourself that you want to engage in this particular type of activity, and also you have a large starting capital. However, before we figure out how to open a bank in Russia from scratch, let's look at the main formats of this kind of business.
Activities today may be as follows:
- Market banks. They specialize in establishing and maintaining relationships between various financial organizations. The bulk of the assets in this case is formed from the financial resources of other credit institutions. Earnings in this format of doing business consists of speculative operations, for example, investing in stocks or bonds.
- Credit Banks. As the name suggests, they are engaged in the provision of consumer cash loans.
- Settlement financial organizations. Provide services to wealthy clients and manage their funds.
- Retail cans. The largest group, combining a bit from each organization discussed above. Their advantage is versatility and versatility.
Thus, if you want to have your own bank, you first need to decide on the format in which it will operate. Qualified financiers with extensive experience in the financial field argue that retail organizations are the best option.
Legal Aspects
Let's dwell on this in more detail. As with any other type of business, the implementation of a financial services project begins with registration. This raises the quite logical question of what documents are needed to open a bank. It is immediately worth noting that for such companies, the standard form is an open or closed joint-stock company. As for the classifier of all-Russian products, you should choose the type of activity "Financial services, except insurance and pensions."
After the settlement of all legal formalities, you will need to submit information about the credit organization and its full name to the Main Territorial Administration of your region of residence. This is a very important step, because without written approval there is absolutely no point in issuing a license for the provision of banking services.
Answering the question of how to open your own bank, a few words should be said about the authorized capital. To obtain a license, at your disposal must be at least 300 million rubles in free circulation. When you have written approval in your hands, you need to submit information to the Central Bank of the Russian Federation. It is he who makes the decision to allow or prohibit the opening of a credit institution. If your project is approved, then information about the new company is transmitted to the tax office, which will enter it into the credit registry. As soon as this happens, you will have only 1 month to deposit funds into the registered capital account.
As for the package of necessary documents, it includes:
- Statement.
- List of constituent documentation.
- Business plan for opening a bank.
- Protocol on holding the constituent assembly.
- Receipt of payment of state fees.
- Copy of document certifying state registration.
- Profiles of employees in senior positions.
- Independent company opinion on compliance of financial statements with reality.
- A package of documents required to obtain an opinion on compliance with basic standards when making cash transactions.
- Document issued by the Federal Antimonopoly Service.
- Written consent to open a new credit organization.
- Full list of all founders.
The package of documents is standard regardless of the format of the bank you open. In order to speed up the process of launching an institution, it is recommended to take its preparation very seriously, since it requires a lot of time.
Possible list of services
You already know what documents are needed to open a bank, as well as the procedure for implementing the project. Now you must determine for yourself the main direction for activity. The main goal of any financial institution is to increase revenue.
The following methods exist for its implementation:
- Increase customer base.
- Expanding the range of services provided.
- Increase in market share.
The level of competition in the banking sector is very high, so it will be difficult to scale the business. Based on this, the only way out is to provide as many services as possible.
Among the main ones are:
- Advice on any financial issues.
- Cash flow management.
- Brokerage service.
- Managing customer investment portfolios.
- Insurance services.
- The performance of trust, leasing and factoring operations.
Having determined the main working moments for yourself, you can begin to search for the answer to the question of how to open your bank. The step-by-step instruction, which we consider in this article, will help you do everything quickly, as efficiently as possible and without unnecessary problems.
Search for premises
When answering the question of how to open your bank from scratch in Russia, it’s worth it to talk separately about the optimal property in which it will be based. A regular office is not suitable for the successful operation of a financial institution, since they are responsible for the following functions:
- Customer service.
- Cash operations.
- Storage of large cash and material stock.
Based on this, it follows that the premises must satisfy a number of criteria that must be taken into account at the stage of construction of the facility and the implementation of repair work. Exterior and interior decoration should be designed in a corporate style, and the layout is carefully thought out and divided into zones. In addition, the building should be technically strengthened, as well as equipped with all modern security equipment and systems responsible for creating a high level of security.
If you have no idea how to open a bank, the requirements that are mandatory for compliance can be studied on the website of such structures as the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Fire Inspection, and Rospotrebnadzor. Each organization has its own criteria for assessing the suitability of the premises in which the credit institution will be located, so it is necessary to carefully study all the regulatory documentation.
Logistics Equipment
If you are thinking about how to open your bank, you should be aware that you will have to work with very large amounts of money every day. This will require specialized equipment and a powerful material and technical base. With its help, you can quickly and accurately calculate cash, sort banknotes at face value, and also verify their authenticity. The market offers a wide range of both individual devices and multifunction devices. In addition, you can not do without ATMs, which must be located in various areas of the city.
Staff
It was described in detail above how to open your bank from scratch. However, for its normal and uninterrupted functioning, as well as high-quality customer service, you need to create a team of qualified specialists. The provision of any financial services is a very responsible occupation, requiring maximum concentration and responsibility from employees. Therefore, you should be very serious about hiring and training staff, as even the slightest mistake can lead to large financial losses. Particular attention should be paid to finding employees for managerial positions, since the effectiveness of the entire organization depends on them.
The organizational structure of the bank is determined by its charter, in which information on governing bodies should be detailed. The highest level is the shareholders who meet at least once a year to address the most important issues and determine the future development policy of the company. In addition, you will need to form a qualified staff. How to open your bank so that it works efficiently and stably generates big profits? To do this, you need to form the following units:
- Credit and audit departments. The first is engaged in the development of new products, and the second monitors the effectiveness of the financial organization.
- Planning department. Commercial planning, the study of economic indicators, a marketing campaign, public relations, as well as increasing the liquidity of the enterprise.
- Management of custody operations. Work with clients who want to open a deposit in the bank, manage securities transactions and issue money into circulation.
- Credit Operations Management. The issuance of short-term and long-term cash loans.
- Management of international operations. Placement of deposits in foreign currency.
- Accounting and operational management. Implementation and accounting of operations performed through the cash register.
In addition, the administrative, accounting and legal departments, as well as the personnel service, are also mandatory. Now you have a detailed idea of how to open your bank in Russia. However, here every entrepreneur raises the question of how much the development and launch of the project will cost. The necessary volume of initial investment will be discussed later.
Start-up capital
Let's look at this aspect in more detail. If you decide to open a bank, a business plan should be drawn up even before registration and receipt of all necessary permits. This will allow a realistic assessment of the required financial resources and the feasibility of investments. As mentioned earlier, the minimum authorized capital is at least 300 million rubles. In addition, about two hundred more will be spent on the organization of offices, the creation of material and technical equipment, the development of a security system and the hiring of personnel. It is very difficult to name the exact amount, since it depends on the scale of the business, however, the indicative figures are as follows:
- legal registration - 50,000,000 rubles;
- authorized capital - RUB 300,000,000;
- rental and repair of premises - 50,000,000 rubles;
- purchase of equipment and office furniture - 70,000,000 rubles;
- marketing - 500,000 rubles .;
- associated costs - 30,000,000 rubles.
In total, it turns out 500.5 million rubles. This is the minimum amount without which it simply does not make sense to talk about opening a bank. If you do not have these funds, then you can think about attracting additional sources of financing or organizing a credit union.
Break-even deadlines
Payback depends on many factors, the main ones being the financial situation in the city and the state of the country's economy. However, according to experts, with careful strategic planning and good advertising, the funds invested in opening a bank fully pay for themselves on average in 5-10 years. Such a long period is due to the high level of competition in this niche.
General tips and tricks
So, you know how to open your bank. Are there any ways to make it work as efficiently as possible? To compete worthily with other financial organizations, you must do the following:
- Create a well-developed infrastructure.
- Develop several loan and custody products with favorable interest rates.
- Do not charge for maintenance or additional services.
- Form a large staff of qualified specialists so that customers are served as quickly as possible.
- Create a convenient online banking with a high level of protection.
- Install a sufficient number of ATMs.
In addition to all of the above, you should constantly work on the reliability of your financial organization, since this indicator is of most concern to investors.
Conclusion
Undoubtedly, opening a bank is a very long and complicated process requiring large financial investments. However, statistics show that credit institutions are consistently earning, regardless of seasonality, the state of the economy and other factors, therefore this niche has always been and remains attractive for investment. If you have the required amount of money at your disposal, then feel free to open a bank and you will not regret it.