Pyrolysis furnaces in their work use the principle of combustion with a lack of oxygen with the release of the so-called wood or generator gas. It consists of fifty percent nitrogen and the same amount of a mixture of carbon monoxide, hydrogen, carbon dioxide and methane.
Many enterprises specializing in the production of heating boilers and furnaces produce such devices. The principle of their action is almost the same in any design. Now a layer of talchlorite is pressed into their casing. This environmentally friendly mineral has a high specific heat. It accumulates heat, which then slowly gives up, increasing thermal inertia.
New in the device
The pyrolysis furnace consists of two compartments. The inner compartment of the cylindrical furnace is integrated into the outer casing. In the space between them, air ducts are installed to remove heat. The pyrolysis furnace is equipped with an inflatable fan, which is controlled by a wall thermostat. This allows you to maintain the temperature in the rooms in the right range.
In the Burelyan pyrolysis furnace, convective pipes protect the thin body from thermal shock. In more modern designs, the body is made thicker, resistant to these shocks. New devices of this type have a chimney made of corrosion-resistant sheet steel with a special heat-resistant insulation "Corundum", which greatly simplifies a complex chimney. The latter is equipped with a condensate trap and a removable flange for cleaning it. There is a tap under the flange to drain the condensate. Such a device is loaded only twice a day. At the same time, firewood does not burn, but smolders. It develops efficiency up to 70%.
Pyrolysis furnace - the principle of the device
In any pyrolysis furnace, the process of burning wood occurs in its two compartments. In one, gas is released, and in the other, its burning out. They do not have gas burners.
The process of their work is as follows. Firewood is laid in the fuel chamber. They must be dry. The pyrolysis stove can work on fresh wood, only much worse. Logs are kindled. The combustion chamber door closes tightly. After that, the fan-smoke exhauster is turned on, which creates a vacuum inside the case. Due to this, oxygen gradually enters the combustion chamber through the diaphragm. As a result, the gasification process begins. The resulting gas with the help of a fan-smoke exhauster enters the lower compartment, lined with fireclay bricks, and burns there, giving off heat to the water pipes. The combustion temperature of wood gas is quite high and reaches 1250 ° C.
The power of the heat generator is regulated by turning on and off the fan-smoke exhaust. Such a device operating on the principle of burning wood gas is not autonomous. A fan needs electric current to operate. In case of shutdown, you can install diesel burners. Despite all the difficulties, these devices have higher efficiency than conventional furnaces. There are few combustion products left in it . Its combustion chamber is usually larger than normal. The combustion process in it is sufficiently controlled.
There is another direction - the Kuznetsov furnace. The concept of such a device is to get the maximum heat out of the fuel and use it to heat the room with the highest efficiency. In them, the movement of heated gases does not occur by force, but naturally in accordance with the laws of physics. It uses a special device - caps, which allow you to do this.