The richness of the Russian language lies not so much in grammar and punctuation, but, first of all, in words and expressions. Their uniqueness lies in the ability to characterize objects as accurately as words cannot do in any language of the world.
Another feature that can be considered is the possibility of selecting a huge number of synonyms - almost any subject can be described in different ways. Words are composed in phrases. The Russian language is replete with various combinations that can easily lead to a dead end for any foreigner. Probably everyone knows their name - these are phraseological units. There are many such expressions, there is even a whole dictionary. Phraseologisms have entered our life so tightly that we don’t even notice how we use them in our speech. Meanwhile, every day a person in communication with others uses about five such phrases.
That such expressions are represented will be discussed in the article. Also, as the most difficult example, we will analyze how phraseology to the word "strongly" looks like.
What is phraseology
So, before you operate on a concept, you need to know what it means. Phraseologism is a stable combination of words that makes sense only when fully used. In other words, this is a phrase, at the break of which the meaning of the statement is lost - phraseological unit cannot be used in parts. A simple example: “sit down”. We’ll draw up a proposal and experiment a little: “Petya sat down in a galosh without doing his homework.” We will try to discard the second part of the combination, as a result of which we get: "Petya sat down without doing his homework." And the meaning of the utterance is already completely lost. If in the first case it means "disgraced", then in the second he simply sat down, for example, on a chair. Thus, phraseologisms can be explained only when they are fully used.
History of occurrence
Surely everyone who came across similar phrases asked: “Where did they come from?” Let's try to figure out how phraseological units arose. If you carefully consider their structure and the words used, such a thing will become obvious: they are all as if uttered by the people.
And there is. All phraseological units were created by the broad masses of the people, that is, in some way they can be attributed to folklore. Initially, they did not have the name that was assigned to them by linguists - it came with time. The people used simpler expressions in their speech, so it was much easier for him to make a phrase from several colloquial words that replaced some more
complex word. Therefore, if there is a need to find out how phraseological units originated, you need to turn to the people - each expression has its own etymology, when studied, you can try to answer this question.
Use in text and speech
As mentioned above, every day a person uses about five phraseological units. This happens involuntarily. It can be said, even at the subconscious level. Suppose a man tells an interesting story to his comrades. He will certainly have a story with phraseological units. As for writing, this is not the case here. Formal communication presupposes an appropriate language, therefore, such expressions are not used here. But in journalism, books, and even journalism, idioms are not uncommon, but even vice versa.
Value
The interpretation of phraseologisms is a very important thing. It depends on him how accurately the phrase of the narrator will be understood. It’s worth mentioning right away that if we didn’t know what phraseological units exist, we would never have guessed what they mean in the text. For example, “chop yourself on the nose” is a fairly well-known phrase, meaning “remember”.
The usual perception says that the nose is the respiratory organ of a person, and immediately a mismatch appears in the brain - do you really have to chop the nose? No way. In fact, this word has two meanings - the first, which has already been said, and the second - from the ancient Slavic "nose", which meant a wooden plaque with nicks that were placed in order not to forget something. From here came the phrase “cut your nose” or “remember.” As you can see, immediately without knowledge, the meaning is difficult to determine, therefore, the interpretation of phraseologisms is possible only in the dictionary.
The value in the text
The role of phraseologisms in the text is quite significant: in addition to the “decoration” of speech, they help to more fully reveal the emotional component and more clearly describe what is happening. For example, "sleep without hind legs." It is quite difficult to write in simple terms that a person sleeps soundly after being very tired. It turns out cumbersome and very inaccurate. And if you use: “he slept without hind legs”, it immediately becomes clear what is at stake. In fact, it’s rather difficult to choose a phraseologism for a word. “Reddened very much” - “Reddened to the roots of the hair”, for example, does not immediately come to mind.
Difficult phraseologisms
Complex expressions can be considered those values for which it is problematic to select. Phraseologisms can be explained only with the help of a dictionary or informal extraordinary logic. For example, an expression such as “there is no truth at the feet”, meaning only an invitation to sit down.
Where did it come from? Discussion of any serious issue always requires a lot of time, so it is most convenient to carry it out while sitting, and only then will it be possible to reach an agreement. If you stand, the conversation will be short, so it will not lead to any results, and according to the concepts of ancient Russia, this is considered "untruth." So this expression appeared. It is quite difficult to independently understand all this, however, it is much easier to understand such phrases in context. There is a special task - an essay with phraseological units, which develops the ability to perceive them more easily.
Rare phraseological units
Yes, there are some. For example, phraseologism to the word "strong." There are hardly more than ten of them in the Russian language. Among them, such as “eyes got out on his forehead” (shows a strong surprise), “barely breathes” (indicates a strong deterioration of things) and so on. Probably, less often of all you can find such an expression as "blushed to the roots of the hair." This phraseological unit to the word “strongly”, “blushed” means the action that happened to the person.
In this situation, the phrase has the meaning of "became ashamed." You can also use the word "frozen", and the meaning of phraseology is understandable. “Rare”, in addition, one can also name the species that is found only in a separate area.
How to use phraseologisms in spoken and written language
If you want to decorate your speech with different words, then phraseological units are the best option. They will not only enliven the speech, but also help to make it more witty and interesting. Nevertheless, it is important to note the need to understand the meaning of an expression. Inappropriate phraseology will look stupid, which will certainly affect your reputation. If you are writing an essay with phraseological units, you should pay attention to their frequency in the text. Too many of them can make the job difficult to comprehend, forcing the reader to regularly look at the phraseological dictionary. You should also remember the first principle - it is better to do without expression if its meaning is foggy for you. Another very important principle to consider in both cases is relevance. It is so customary that phraseological phrases are considered more conversational, so in business communication they are not only unacceptable, but extremely undesirable. This also applies to working correspondence. Few people will use “no brainer” in conversation with partners instead of “naturally that.”
Phraseologisms in other languages
It turns out that not only the Russian language is rich in conditional expressions. For example, in English, such expressions are also often found. A rather entertaining process is their translation into Russian, which can be rather ambiguous. Translated literally from English can turn out very differently.
An expression such as “pull the line by the tail” will mean “beat like a fish on ice.” And phraseologism to the word “strongly” with the second part in the form of the word “anger” will literally sound like “pushing someone onto a wall”. The meaning of the phraseological units can be so different from each other.
Conclusion
So, in this article we examined the key principles of using phraseological units. It is worth remembering a couple of things: you should not use these expressions too often or if they are not clear to you. However, owning such a speech can provide increased attention from other people. In the Russian language there are a huge number of such expressions, and understanding at least some of them can already be considered a good result, especially if you know at least one phraseological unit to the word “strongly”. It is also worth mentioning that the composition of phraseological units is regularly replenished - more and more new expressions appear that are part of speech. This is due not only to the emergence of new words, but also to a change in the mentality of modern generations: other values and mores force us to invent new expressions that would satisfy the requirements of the language. This topic is especially actively developing on the Internet.
Expressions such as “on the ball,” which means free, “throw in soap,” meaning “send an email to my e-mail,” and so on, can be listed almost indefinitely. In any case, the language has always evolved, he is doing it now, and this trend will continue. To keep abreast of recent events and to understand the current state of affairs, one must at least keep up with this development.