Communication is one of the main purposes of the language and involves the use of various means from the lexical system. Among the many ways of presentation in the Russian language, mainly those that, by their functional purpose, belong to the colloquial or book style are distinguished. The first option is often used in everyday everyday speech, which is used in an informal setting or in a friendly dialogue for the exchange of thoughts, feelings and information. It uses colloquial vocabulary, which is characterized by simplicity, semantic capacity and freedom of expression, giving the phrases liveliness and color.
Spoken vocabulary has developed in an urban environment, so it is devoid of dialectical features and differs significantly from the book language. It can be found both verbally and in writing in the
form of letters and notes. In this vocabulary, utterances and turns are used that have an emotionally expressive color (ironic, affectionate, familiar, disapproving, and others). It also limits the use of abstract, foreign words and terminology.
The conversational functional
style of speech is characterized by commonly used and neutral phrases (home, weather, time). Suffixes of subjective assessment with an exaggerated or diminutive meaning are widely used (sun,
cold, honey, dirt), with a colloquial connotation: - to - (candle, stove), - yaga (poor, hard worker), - yatina (nudyatina, vulgar), - sha (guardian, doctor).
In addition, colloquial vocabulary forms adjectives and verbs of estimated value (thick, eared, big-eyed, talk, play, grow healthy, play pranks, etc.). For greater expressiveness, doubling of words is used (good-excellent, very, very, very-sweet, etc.).
The next way of presentation is a book style. It includes several functional varieties: scientific, journalistic, artistic and official business. Each of them has its own speech features, by virtue of which there are types of vocabulary of the same name. They obey the established norms of the language, correspond to a specific grammatical design and are not subject to deviation. For example, in official business and scientific texts, the use of elements and interspersed from other styles is unacceptable, because they are characterized only by clarity, accuracy and logical consistency.
In some cases, colloquial vocabulary can be used in a book style, especially in the art genre, where you want to give the text more emotionality and ease (work, in the evening, fooling around, fooling, etc.). As a rule, such words go beyond literary speech, and their use should be justified by specific stylistic goals, because in another case they contribute to the clogging of the language. Quite often colloquial words are also used in journalism in order to somewhat enliven and decorate the text.