Psychology is a relatively young science that took shape at the end of the 19th century. But over the short period of its existence, a large number of directions have already appeared that could stand out due to the variety of practical and theoretical problems facing it. Thanks to this, a very rich library of psychology was formed. In recent years, it has been replenished with more and more modern scientific and educational works.
The main branches of psychology are united by a single subject - the psyche. The basis of their selection is what aspect of it and in what conditions is being studied. That is why the proposed classification into the main sections is conditional and may change over time.
The main branches of psychology are as follows.
General psychology studies the practical and cognitive activities of man. Thanks to the results obtained in this industry, scientific knowledge and concepts about the basic principles, as well as a system of methods of psychological science, have been formed.
Within the framework of social psychology, the basic laws of the social and individual in the human psyche are comprehended, which are formed during the interaction of society and the individual, as well as in groups. This industry has appeared relatively recently.
Age psychology explores the psyche in ontogenesis (development from the moment of conception to the death of a person). In it, during its formation, several sections have already been able to stand out: the nursery (the individual psychological characteristics of children under six years are considered), and also depending on the age stage (psychology of primary school age, adolescent, youth, adult, and gerontology).
The subject of educational psychology is the psyche of the student and teacher, which is considered as part of the educational process, as well as training and education.
There are narrowly focused basic branches of psychology. Let us dwell in more detail on some of them.
Honey. psychology , or, as it is also called, clinical , considers the psyche in terms of bodily or mental illness. Within its framework have already stood out: somatopsychology, pathopsychology and neuropsychology.
Special psychology considers the abnormal development of human consciousness. Within its framework, typhlopsychology, deaf psychology and oligophrenopsychology took shape.
Psychophysiology is a special industry that studies the relationship between the interaction of mental and biological, physiology of GNI and psychology. In recent years, psychogenetics has become very active.
Labor psychology considers the psyche in working conditions. It includes the following sections: the psychology of creativity, sports, advertising, trade; as well as professional psychology (judicial, legal, political, military, organizational, aviation, space, engineering and others).
Psycholinguistics studies speech as a specific kind of psyche that uses language systems as an internal tool. Within its framework, such sections as psychosemantics and psychosemiotics are distinguished.
Differential (comparative) psychology reveals differences in the psyche of people: ethnic, typological, individual and others.
Mathematical psychology is closely engaged in measurement issues in this science, in ways of quantitative analysis of the results that have been obtained in psychological research.
The main branches of psychology that have formed at present allow us to present it as one of the most fundamental and backbone disciplines, the future of which is at the junction of various sciences.