In Russian, words are not always spelled the way they are heard. It often happens that the number of letters and sounds does not match.
Letter b
So, in what words are more letters than sounds? First of all, in those in which there are b. This letter is written in words to indicate the softness of the consonants. And such a sound in an audible word is expressed by one phoneme.
As a result, it turns out that there will be more letters in the word than sounds, for example:
- bathhouse - six b., [ban'ka] - five stars .;
- tidings - five b., [v'es't '] - four stars .;
- guest - five b., [gos't '] - four stars .;
- rain - five b., [dosht '] - four stars .;
- life - five b., [zhyz'n '] - four stars .;
- horse - four b., [con '] - three stars .;
- laziness - four b., [l'en '] - three stars .;
- mole - four b., [mol '] - three stars .;
- zero - four b., [zero '] - three stars .;
- password - six b., [password '] - five stars .;
- role - four b., [ role '] - three stars .;
- herring - six b., [s'el'd '] - four stars .;
- dark - six b., [t'emin '] - five stars;
- chain - four b., [cep '] - three stars.
Separating soft and hard characters, as a rule, does not affect the difference in the number of letters and sounds. This is because the letters e, e, y, i, after b and b denote two phonemes, one of which [y]. So, in such words letters and sounds will remain in equal amounts.
A soft sign has an effect on the difference in the score of phonemes and graphic signs when placed with after hissing. However, it does not affect the pronunciation and serves to indicate the grammatical form of the word:
- nouns of the 3rd declension: rye [rosh] (four b., three stars), daughter [daughter '] (four b., three stars), brooch [brooch] (five b., four stars);
- adverbs (with the exception of exceptions: married, unbearable): away [ off '] (five b., four stars), wide [nast'esh'] (seven b., six stars);
- verbs: help [pamoch '] (six b., five stars), do not touch - [troch'] (five b., four stars), look [passamish ”(ten b., nine stars).
In these words, as we see, there are more letters than sounds.
Practical task number 1
We offer several practical tasks for fixing the material.
1. Do I need to insert b at the ellipsis? Determine which words have more letters than sounds:
- glass ... box;
- fifteen;
- bow;
- sem ... ten;
- nanny ... read;
- bridge;
- lamplighter;
- speech ... ka;
- heel ... honeycomb;
- fan ... tick.
2. What words have more letters than sounds?
Elk chews grass, branches, bark. He needs to lick salt. The forester takes the salt head to the forest and puts it on a stump. This is where elk comes to lick salt.
2. Is there a soft sign after hissing? Determine which words have more letters than sounds:
- roof edges ...;
- crying is heard ...;
- unbearable ... proceed;
- got married...;
- cut ... bread;
- backwoods ...;
- the air is fresh ...;
- put ... a brick ...;
- open spaces of pastures ...;
- hell ... smiling, jumping ...;
- straining ... vision;
- the oak is mighty ...;
- communities of clouds ...;
- you will go ... for water to the forest key ...;
- obedient daughter ...;
- eat ... those kalach ...;
- I will open up ... a cloak ...;
- lay down ... on the bench;
- spread ... a sandwich;
- lily of the valley ... fragrant ...;
- solve ... five tasks ...;
- I will open it ... the doors are wide open ...
Letters E, Y, Y, Z
In addition to a soft sign that does not mean sound, there are letters that serve as graphic signs of two phonemes. It depends on their position in the word. After soft consonants, they denote their palatalization (softening) and in no way affect the difference in the number of letters and sounds. Another thing in other provisions:
- at the beginning of the word: eaten [yel] - two b., three stars;
- after vowels: loan [zayom] - four b., five stars.
Here are examples where there are more sounds than letters. Recall that after b and b also appears [th]. But this does not affect the difference between the sound and graphic expression of the word.
Practical task number 2
1. Determine in which words the same number of phonemes and their graphic designations:
- two-tier pavilion;
- drove into the porch;
- curious monkey;
- three-story house;
- pre-examination excitement;
- irreparable flaw;
- bear paws;
- pre-anniversary troubles;
- television shooting;
- drink broth;
- feather feathers;
- strong blizzard.
2. Find words in which sounds and letters are in different numbers.
Do you think bird milk happens? However, this is not a wonder at all. Ordinary pigeons feed their chicks with bird milk. It appears in pigeons in a goiter, resembles a white pulp. He is also called goiter. For pigeons, it does not stand out for long - eighteen to twenty days.
Unpronounceable consonants
In addition to the above phonetic phenomena, sounds and letters in different quantities are contained in words with unpronounceable consonants :
- imperious [hairy] - eight b., seven stars;
- the sun [sonce] - six b., five stars;
- festive [prazn'ich'nyy] - eleven b., ten stars .;
- famous [iz'esny] - nine b., eight stars.
If there are unpronounceable consonants, then these are words where there are more letters than letters.
It must be remembered that the spelling "unpronounceable consonants" must be checked with a strong position. In some cases, there are no such letters:
- terrible [terrible] - seven b. and seven stars .;
- the same age [ditch'esn'ik] - eight b., eight stars;
- delicious [fusky] - seven b., seven stars.
Double consonants
There is also such a thing as double and double consonants. If they are present in the word, we will also have a discrepancy in the quantitative composition of sounds and letters, for example:
- television antenna [antenna] - seven b., six stars .;
- friendly collective [kol'ikt'if] - nine b., eight stars .;
- old yeast [tremor] - six b., five stars;
- artificial crystal [kr'stal] - eight b., seven stars.
- station [house] house - eleven b., ten stars .;
- glass [st'ikl'any] - ten b., nine stars.
There are more letters in these words than sounds.
Change sound quality
In words, there is often a simplification in places where the consonants converge. Then, instead of several sounds, one is pronounced, which differs in quality from the original ones. For instance:
- hiding from the eyes [hiding woman] - ten b. and nine stars .;
- the great athlete [sportsman] - nine b., eight stars;
- urban [garatskoy] resident - nine b., eight stars.
Practical task number 3
1. Determine which words have more letters than sounds:
- feel disappointed;
- participate in competitions;
- inappropriate question;
- my parents' peer;
- long eyelashes;
- private person;
- dangerous age;
- Rainy day
- tasty dishes;
- linden alley;
- quarrel friends;
- occupied territory;
- file an appeal;
- art;
- delicious cake.
2. Dictation.
It rained at night, but in the morning the weather was wonderful. Peers and peers marched to school. Everyone was in a happy mood. Shortly before school, the guys felt a distinct scent of roses. The bushes that graduates planted back in May bloomed.