The operability of power equipment is largely determined by its proper maintenance. Repair work is an integral part of the operation that must be carried out in electrical installations. What types of electrical equipment repairs exist and what are their features and deadlines, read further in the article.
What is an electrical repair?
The concept presented should be understood as the restoration of the original properties of the product using consumables, specialized tools and equipment. In the process of repair work, defective parts, worn elements, and so on change.
It should be noted that in conditions of high deterioration, as well as a huge number of power equipment, modern units of electric networks do not have time to fulfill the planned targets for the repair campaign. Another problem is related to consumer repayment issues, which clearly complicates the procedure.
As for the sequence of actions, almost all types of repairs of electrical equipment are carried out in the following sequence:
- Diagnostics. It involves the identification of defects using a physical examination, examination of equipment for burning contacts with pyrometers or testing with increased voltage, megger.
- Carrying out repair work that is aimed at eliminating the identified deficiencies. During the implementation of the procedure, individual parts (transformer stud), components (VN drive) or the entire unit (replacement of the linear disconnector.) Can be replaced.
- Repeated diagnostics and commissioning of equipment. The latter is associated with the human factor, improper installation or other features, which will lead to a short circuit or other troubles.
The correct execution and following of the steps eliminates errors and extends the life of electrical equipment. However, such an approach requires a lot of time, which is unacceptable in conditions of a large number of power and other equipment.
The importance of periodic maintenance
Carrying out current or overhaul allows you to get the following advantages:
- Reducing the number of outages, as the updated period of operation and the elimination of defects has a beneficial effect on the presented indicator.
- Different types and terms of repair of electrical equipment provide a general idea of the problem areas of the network that require maintenance and tidying.
- A timely repair is the guarantee of the safe operation of electrical installations. This reduces the risk of unplanned consequences after switching.
- The absence of emergencies implies less damage to electric power enterprises. Therefore, the implementation of maintenance and scheduled workarounds requires a procedure.
At the moment, there are several variations on the division of repair work. Get to know each category below.
Types of repairs of electrical equipment
There are a number of gradations for the implementation of repair work. First: the separation of the degree and depth of the activities. Here, current and capital are highlighted, the terms of which are determined in the PTE, as well as the documentation of the supplier of power equipment. The second is associated with the cause. Here it is necessary to consider the planned actions, unplanned and emergency.
The choice of one or another option is largely determined by the conditions for the need for repair work, as well as the degree and depth of the tasks. Note that all variations are prescribed in the technical documentation of the industry and electric power enterprises.
Current
This type of repair of electrical equipment involves the timely restoration of elements of the electrical network through maintenance or the complete replacement of individual parts. With complexity, as well as high volume of operations, there is a division of repair work into several stages. Determination of the need for maintenance is carried out by passports of facilities, transformer substations.
In some cases, the implementation of the procedure is associated with emergency situations. It’s easier for the brigade masters to prepare a workplace in a smart system for current repairs than to fulfill emergency requests in haste. The procedure is less time-consuming and involves lower costs for maintaining the operability of the equipment.
Capital
Another main type of repair of electrical equipment should include the above. The process involves 80% wear, which requires the systematic replacement of not only individual parts and parts, but also full-fledged components. In some cases, the concept is associated with modernization, which involves improving the system without losing its original properties.
Replacement and implementation of major repairs is regulated by the PTE and local documentation, passports of energy facilities. A prerequisite for conducting full repair work is the issuance of technical specifications for the implementation of appropriate actions. There are other subtleties that should be studied by administrative and technical personnel.
Planned
The repair campaign is planned on the eve of the beginning of the calendar year. All actions that are ahead for the future are signed in the plans, which predetermines this group. This does not include emergency types of electrical equipment repair work, mainly the overhaul of substations. The formation of the list depends on the technical department, which identifies electrical installations in need of maintenance.
The documentation is approved by the chief engineer and brought to the masters of cable / overhead lines, RP / TP / KTP, administrative and technical personnel. In most cases, accrual of bonuses for employees depends on the performance of the presented indicator. Information on the progress of the repair campaign is given to higher structures and the breakdown rate of networks depends on it.
Unscheduled
It is simply impossible to plan and take into account everything, therefore an unscheduled type of repair of electrical equipment at the enterprise is necessary. When conducting routine inspections, tests, defects appear that need to be eliminated. In the absence of actions to eliminate defective components or assemblies, there is a significant risk of more serious emergencies.
In most cases, this category involves the implementation of ongoing repairs. However, in some situations, decisions may be made at the discretion of the chief engineer and senior staff to overhaul or completely replace the equipment. It all depends on the safety / reliability / efficiency ratio.
Emergency
Emergency types of repairs of electrical equipment and their characteristics are determined by an emergency situation on the failure of electrical installations. Any breakdown at the substation (switching devices, power transformers , power lines, overhead lines) requires the implementation of the appropriate type of repair work. The presented variation suggests the maximum speed of troubleshooting and powering consumers. Such repair procedures are carried out by specialized high-voltage brigades or FIA.
It should be noted that this is an extreme scenario. Scheduled maintenance should prevent this from happening. Emergencies can often arise due to the human factor, for example, the work of third-party organizations in the OHL protection zone. Abnormal situations often lead to more damage to the enterprise than scheduled maintenance.
Conclusion
To maintain the operability of the networks it is necessary to carry out repair work. The types and frequency of repair of electrical equipment is determined by various documents, as well as the conditions for identifying defects and malfunctions. Currently, there are two main types that determine the timing, depth and other parameters for the implementation of the tasks.
On the timing of various types of repair work, we recommend that you read the "Operational Engineering Rules", "Intersectoral Rules for the Commissioning of New Equipment", as well as local documentation of enterprises. This will allow you to delve into the issue and gain additional knowledge regarding the implementation of the repair campaign. This literature will be sufficient to fully understand the essence of the issue.