The most effective, and sometimes the only way to obtain precision parts is grinding. Over the years, the principle of grinding as a technological process has not undergone any fundamental changes and for several centuries now has been processing the product with abrasive material in order to achieve the necessary accuracy.
A circular grinding machine is used to grind the outer and inner surfaces of revolution bodies having a cylindrical or conical shape, as well as to process the end surfaces of rotational parts (various axes, spindles, shafts, flanges, bushings, covers, etc.). The supply of the grinding part, which is fixed on a special reciprocating table, can be carried out either manually or by hydraulics. Or automatic hydraulics if it is a CNC circular grinding machine. Also, such equipment can be used for grinding or polishing pipes, on which scratches usually remain on the
pipe bending machine during their bending. For these purposes, a circular grinding machine with special planetary grinding technology is used. It does not rotate the part, but the working bodies of the mechanism, as a result of which it is possible to grind bends, including complex configurations.
The circular grinding machine consists of:
- bed, inside which the hydraulic drive is located;
- turntable;
- the headstock, in which there is a drive to the spindle, transmitting rotational movement to the workpiece;
- grinding head, which is the drive to the grinding wheel.
The circular grinding machine is controlled by the handle for changing the speed of the table, the handwheel for manual movement and the reverse handle. Also, the controls include stops, handles for turning on the automatic table travel and removal of pintles, a throttle handle that controls the feed of the grinding head, a handwheel for regulating the manual feed of this mechanism, as well as a handle for the quick removal and supply of the grinding head and push-button station.
Circular grinding machines are divided into the following types:
- Simple. In these machines, all nodes are made according to a fixed design.
- Universal. Depending on the version, they can have both a turntable and a swiveling front and grinding headstock.
- Mortise. The circular grinding machine for mortise grinding lacks the longitudinal feed of the part. The grinding wheel overlapping the surface to be treated additionally receives a continuous feed to the workpiece being processed, due to which it is ground-grinding.
- Special Used for processing products for a specific purpose (for grinding the surfaces of turbine blades, tooth profiles, cam shafts, etc.).
The circular grinding machines that are most often used in our country are produced both in Russia (for example, products of the Maykop Machine Tool Plant named after Frunze or Shlifverst OJSC in Lubny) and are purchased abroad - in the countries of the former USSR (Ukraine, Lithuania) and in far abroad countries (USA, Switzerland, etc.).