Have you ever wondered why native speakers understand each other? Why do we pinpoint what foreigners say with an accent? Finally, why do teachers at school put “deuces” for spelling or any other mistakes?
Not? Then imagine this situation. Instead of writing (or pronouncing) the phrase “The horse beat with a hoof”, I will write (or say) “Your pitchfork to the poktubs”. Absurdity, right? And why do you know for sure that this is absurd?
Yes, because I violated absolutely all the grammatical norms of the Russian language. The normativity of the language is what enables the speakers of one language to understand each other, to correctly convey their thoughts.
Strictly speaking, normativeness is a set of rules that strictly regulate pronunciation, grammar, and spelling. Norms - an example of a uniform, publicly recognized use of all elements of the language. This concept was not invented by scientists: uniformity has been formed for centuries, it reflects the development of the people, the development of society. The sources of the norm are considered to be the works of classics of literature, the works of modern writers and publicists, the generally accepted use of language elements, and the study of linguists.
How do we determine if a given use of a particular language component is normative? By characteristic features. Firstly, all linguistic norms are stable, common, widespread, binding, consistent with the capabilities of the language. Secondly, all norms are enshrined in dictionaries, defined by the rules.
The syntactic, orthoepic, spelling, grammatical norms of the Russian language help him to maintain his originality, integrity, protect him from the flow of warped, dialectic, vernacular or slang expressions, perform a general cultural function.
In Russian, there are these types of norms:
- General standard for written and spoken language (lexical, syntactic, grammar norms).
- Norms of written language (spelling, punctuation).
- Norms of oral speech (pronunciation, intonation, stress).
Grammar standards are rules that apply to syntax, word formation, morphology. They are described in detail in Russian Grammar.
Word-formation norms determine how words should be formed in a language, how their parts should be connected. For example, word-formation grammar norms indicate the inadmissibility of using derived words with a new affix instead of existing ones. For example, you can say “window sill”, “depth”, “description”, but you cannot say: “window sill”, “depth”, “description”).
Grammar standards require the correct use of word forms, the exact use of declensions, cases, short forms, degrees of comparison. A common mistake is considered to be expressions such as “more beautiful”, “my shoe”, “excellent shampoo”, “silk lining”, etc.
Syntactic norms teach how to correctly build sentences and phrases, how to correlate parts of a sentence with each other, and how to coordinate words correctly. For example, today a huge number of journalists, commentators, and after them ordinary people have forgotten how to use the participle sentences and participles correctly. They should refer to the verb in the sentence, supplementing it ( I walked (how?), Singing a funny song ). In fact, very often they are added to another word. A classic old example: " When approaching the platform, my hat flew off ." One would like to ask: “Was this a hat approaching the platform?” And here is a newer quote: “ Having married Nicholas, none of the heirs was born alive .”
Orthoepic, spelling, grammatical norms of a language are an indisputable law, violations of which lead to the loss of the cultural significance of a language.