The verb changes depending on what time it is used. The tenses of verbs in English, as well as in Russian, are divided into three main categories - past, present and future. They also have such a construction as the future tense in the past, which is used to convey the action occurring between a certain point of the past and reality, or to describe the intention in the past, which is supposed to be done in the future - without indicating, it happened to the real moment or not.
Also, these tenses of verbs in English are often translated as awareness of the possibility or expression of desire for something - / I would ... /. That is, such an action should occur at the same time / should happen / should happen, but for some reason did not happen / does not happen / will not happen.
Time
The tenses of verbs in the English language consist of four groups - Indefinite, Continuous, Perfect and Perfect Continuous, for each of which the past, present, future and future in the past are built. In total, 16 possible temporary constructions are obtained, each of which has its own cases of use (and for some, more than one). To indicate the species-temporary forms of the English verb, we briefly consider the scope of these constructions.
Active and passive voice
If the action is performed by the object, the verb is in the active voice and changes in accordance with the time. In the passive voice, action is performed on the object, and therefore the principles of formation of the predicate are different. The following diagrams describe how the form of the tense verb form in the English language in the active voice is formed. In the passive voice, the predicate is formed / to be / in the appropriate form and with the past participle.
Verbs in the Past (Past)
Past Indefinite (past ordinary) is used to express an ordinary action, without indicating its duration or completeness. The scheme of its formation is as follows: the infinitive of the correct verb with the ending / -ed / or II is a specific form of the verb in the English language that is formed incorrectly.
Past Continuous (past lasting) is used to indicate something that lasted in the past. The verb at this time is formed by the service part / to be / in Past Indef. and the present participle (Partic. I).
Past Perfect (past completed, Past Perf.) Shows that the action that happened once before is completed. The formation pattern of this verb looks like / have (Past Indef.) / In combination with the past participle (Partic. II).
Past Perfect Continuous (past last completed, Past Perf. Contin.) Is used to describe an act that lasted once before and then was completed. It can have a semantic emphasis either on the fact that the action was completed at a certain moment, or on the period of its commission, or on the fact that this action is no longer taking place. This verb is compiled from the service / be / in the form of Past Perf. and the present participle (Partic. I).
Verbs of the Present (Pres.)
Present Indefinite (present ordinary, Pres. Indef.) Shows that the action takes place without indicating its duration or completeness (or a hypothetical possibility of completion). That is, it is an act that does not have any attributes. Often, regular actions or general patterns are indicated by this time. The education scheme is that the infinitive / to / is not substituted. The temporal form of the verb in English in the 3rd person h. It is supplemented with the ending / -s / -es /.
Present Continuous (present continuing, Pres. Contin.) Conveys a long-term action that has not come to an end, namely it considers the process itself. In cases of using this design, you can often see regularly occurring activities that are not necessarily committed right now. This verb form consists of / to be (Pres. Indef.) / And Participle I.
Present Perfect (present complete, Pres. Perf.) Considers the completed action, having the result to the current moment. It is used in the sense of experience that is not yet realized / not fully understood by those who pronounce it as a past event. To form this form, the service verb / have / must be put in Pres. Indef. and Partic. II.
Present Perfect Continuous (present, completed. Pres. Perf. Contin.) Examines an action that indicates directly that the activity originated in some previous moment and lasts until now, or that the activity is carried out now and last until some specific upcoming point. The scheme for the formation of this verb looks like / be (Pres. Perf.) / With the addition of the present participle (Partic. I).
Future Verbs (F.)
Future Indefinite (the future is normal, F. Indef.) Expresses an attributeless action, expected, and also expected to be committed. Such a verb is obtained by adding to / will / the infinitive without / to /.
Future Continuous ( F. Contin.) Is required to determine the action that is expected for a long-term future. This verb form is formed according to the following scheme: the service part / be (F. Indef.) / Is placed before Partic. I.
Future Perfect (F. Perf.) Shows that the action will come to a logical conclusion at some upcoming moment. This verb is compiled with / will have / and the past participle (Partic. II).
Future Perfect Continuous (F. Perf. Contin.) Is used to describe the action, which is supposed to last in the coming time until some point or, conversely, from some point. Such a construction often describes an action performed from any specific motives, with a direct or indirect indication of the cause. The formation scheme for such a verb is the service part / be / in the form of F. Perf. with the addition of Participle I.
Future Tense Verbs (FITP)
Future In The Past Indefinite (the future is ordinary, FITP Indef.) Means that some action should take place, without attributes of completeness or duration. These verbs are formed from the words / should / would / (depending on the person) and the infinitive without / to /.
Future In The Past Continuous (FITP Contin.) Speaks of an action that would have to last, without attributes of its completeness. For this verb form, the compilation scheme looks like / be / in the form of FITP Indef. and the present participle (Partic. I).
Future In The Past Perfect (FITP Perf. Completed in the past) explains the action that should have ended. To compose this verb to / should / would have / add Participle II (appr. Past tense).
Future In The Past Perfect Continuous (FITP Perf. Contin.) Shows that some action would have to last and end. The form of this verb is formed by setting the official / be / in FITP Perf. before Partic. I.
Regular verbs
Regular English verbs form the past tense by adding the ending / -ed /. In gerund (simple), the ending / -ing / is added to the verb to give it the character of a lasting action or generalizing connotation, to convey through a single act all similar to it. The table of forms of English verbs is presented below.
Irregular Verbs
There are also a certain number of exceptions that do not obey this pattern, which need to be memorized. Not every type of verb form in the English language is formed by substituting the ending / -ed /. There are verbs that in the past tense and in the form of participle II change part of the stem or ending. There are verbs that completely “reincarnate”, and those that remain unchanged in all three forms.
The list of English verbs that are formed incorrectly includes 100 pieces. Each of them has three forms, thus 300 verbs are obtained. On the one hand, it is not so easy to remember such a huge number of words. Moreover, you need to constantly keep them in mind - because the times in which verbs of the second (Past Indefinite) and third (Participle II) types are required, we use everywhere, and we need to determine in which case which form to use, right or wrong, and if wrong, then specifically which one. On the other hand, irregular verbs are very common and are so often used in speech (both in a unique meaning and as part of various phrases and constructions) that we get to know most of them when we begin to learn English.
Taking into account the fact that among them there are modal and service verbs, it can be said that irregular verbs really prevail in speech. The first place in prevalence is occupied by the verb / to be /, (/ be /, / was, were /, / been /), which can act in its own meaning, as a modal verb, and as an auxiliary part of speech. Its most commonly used forms are / be /, / being /, / been /, / am, is, are /, / was, were /, / will / and / should, would /, however the whole verb / to be / has 52 word forms, including active and passive voice, affirmation and negation.