Perception is a cognitive process by which an individual receives sensory information about the objects of the world around him. Without a doubt, the perception of man by man occupies a special niche in this area, and its study requires taking into account specific laws and other features.
In order to delve into the details of this process, we consider the functions of perception, as well as effects that somehow influence the construction of the image of another person, which is forming in everyone’s mind.
Perceptual characteristics
Perceptions of a person by a person is, firstly, the process of accumulation of sensory experience, active interaction with an object, aimed at obtaining the maximum of significant information about it. Differing in constancy, it does not change depending on the angle and some other external conditions that accompany it. However, it is worth noting that the latter play an important role in such a process as a person’s perception of his interlocutor. Thus, the changing play of shadows and light makes the perceiver each time give the object of study new, often uncharacteristic, properties. The distance has not the last effect on the distinction of proportions, shapes, on the drawing of the details of the object.
Effects of human perception by man
Studying people's perception of each other, one cannot help but dwell on the effects that form in the consciousness a more detailed image of the object under study. In this regard, in psychological science, a category such as social perception has been formed and developed , which provides for taking into account the characteristics of mutual perception of various social groups (including the perception of man by man).
Social perception mechanisms are used to interpret the data as accurately as possible. These include the following: the effect of novelty, primacy, stereotyping, halo, identification, social identity, casual attribution. The effect of the novelty effect is manifested mainly in the fact that new information received by someone about a perceived person plays a greater role than that given to him earlier. The effect of primacy plays a diametrically opposite role; it serves as an explanation of why the first impression leaves such a significant imprint on the image of the perceived person created by us. Casual attribution allows you to give the individual a certain motivation and characteristics not previously presented.
Conditions for successful perception of the interlocutor
The perception of man by man is a complex process. Its success and effectiveness will be high if its participants differ in the proper level of formation of the competencies necessary for this. So, the perception of a person by a person requires each high level of empathy (that is, the ability to empathize with and understand the emotional state of a partner) and social attraction, which includes positive social attitudes.