The concept of "activity" in psychology takes a leading place. According to the traditional domestic approach, it is she who is the main condition for the physical and mental development of a person. Therefore, it is necessary to consider what is the general structure of activity, which will necessarily be repeated in the individual. It includes the following components:
- motives and motives;
- common goal;
- actions and ways to achieve the goal (skills);
- mental properties and processes;
- result.
The structure of activity includes motivation that encourages you to be active. It is she who helps a person to formulate his desires into the final result.
Motives can be different:
- organic, which are aimed at satisfying the natural (physiological) needs of the individual;
- functional ones are satisfied with the help of cultural forms of human activity (games, sports, etc.);
- material are aimed at creating objects of civilization that will serve natural needs;
- social (communicative);
- spiritual (aimed at self-improvement of personality).
But you need to keep in mind that any human activity is polymotivated, which determines its purpose as a result.
The general structure of activities is carried out by a system of interrelated actions. They contribute to the achievement of a specific objective that will help achieve a common goal. There are several classifications of actions.
In their function, they can be as follows:
- emotional, which create the necessary mood;
- mental and mnestic, guiding and accompanying this process;
- psychomotor and volitional, ensuring the achievement of the result of activity.
Actions in their focus:
- impulsive, which are committed in a state of affect ;
- indicative (theoretical or practical) are aimed at drawing up a plan to achieve the main goal;
- performing ones serve for consecutive performance of the planned actions;
- Corrective adjustments are necessary for making changes, clarifications and amendments, the application of which will be necessary in case of inaccuracies, errors, deviations and failures;
- the final ones come down to a final quality check in the implementation of all previous actions that should answer a number of questions (Is the goal achieved? What are the costs and means? How to implement it in the future?).
The structure of activity is forced to "work" the mental properties and processes of the individual. Relations, feelings and knowledge regulate and guide it. Consider this in more detail. Knowledge at different levels of reflection will regulate activities. On the basis of sensations and perceptions, the strength of muscles, the rhythm and pace of movements are dosed. But here the solution of mental problems can be guided by concepts and images. It depends on the individual experience of a person.
In addition, the internal state of a person will affect the success of its implementation. Any type of activity can cause fatigue, a decrease in physical and mental performance, which appears due to a significant expenditure of resources in the body. As a result, fatigue is formed, which will affect the result of the activity. Very important is a positive attitude to work. Therefore, the adjustment is carried out simultaneously at several levels.
The psychology of activity has now become one of the most rapidly developing industries. As a result, a large number of diverse areas stood out. They study the specifics of activity in all types of labor (sports, pedagogical, engineering psychology and so on).