Puberty is a complex of biological and physiological changes associated with the development of sexual and somatic functions. It is believed that the puberty period in boys begins at about twelve years old and ends at seventeen. Under the influence of hormones, adolescents turn into men. Changes affect not only the physiological side, but also the psychological aspect. Emotional and intellectual areas usually continue to develop up to twenty-two years.
Physiological signs of puberty in boys
Puberty is associated with accelerated growth and increased body weight. It is often found that a boy grows three centimeters in a few months. Rapid growth usually lasts up to eighteen years. When the puberty period in boys begins, then there is an increase in the genital glands and penis. The prostate and seminal vesicles also become larger and begin to function. Their active work is manifested in erection and pollutions. The latter include involuntary ejaculation. This phenomenon is a normal physiological process and suggests that the functioning of the genital organs has begun.
External sexual characteristics
The transitional puberty in boys is manifested in enhanced hair growth in the groin (wedge-shaped type), armpits and on the face. If a teenager has a female type of growth, then it is necessary to consult an endocrinologist. Changes
during puberty affect the voice of teenagers. Gradually he becomes rude and low. This is due to an increase in the size of the
thyroid cartilage of the larynx and ossification of some of its sections. Under the influence of hormones, the smell of sweat of boys becomes sharper, the skin becomes oily, prone to acne. During this period, special attention must be paid to personal hygiene.
Musculoskeletal system
The puberty in boys affects changes in the figure - the pelvis stretches slightly, remains narrow, and the shoulders become wider. Teenagers often look awkward, as various tissues grow unevenly. The first increase in the size of the bone, the next - the muscles, and then the nerve fibers and blood vessels. In parallel with the growth of the skeleton and muscles, physical strength increases, which at first lags behind muscle development. Parts of the body develop inharmoniously, first the feet and hands are extended, then the limbs, and lastly the shape of the face and body. The body is shortened, the lower jaw increases in size. The shape of the head is least affected, since the skull and brain development precede the rest of the maturation.
The main problems of adolescence in boys are associated with temporary impaired coordination of movements. The phenomenon can be explained by a reassessment of one’s own motor abilities, which is based on unusually large body sizes, stiffness is characteristic. Coordination is affected by the gradual build-up of muscle strength. This sequence ensures the coordinated work of various muscle groups.
Psychological features of teenagers
Not easy is the puberty in boys. Photos at this time, many do not want to show. The teenager looks awkward, with excessively long limbs, disproportionate. Often the guys begin to stoop to avoid attention to themselves. More confident teenagers begin to look for their style in order to please the opposite sex. Often at this time, a teenager enters into sexual life. Up to this point, a joint discussion of all the consequences of promiscuous connections will be useful.
The most difficult on the way to adulthood is the puberty in boys. Psychology
describes the highly unstable nervous system of adolescents. The teenager is accompanied by a frequent change of mood, he can become depressed because of a trifle, or he can react aggressively to a seemingly harmless joke. Teenagers are categorical in their opinion, they tend to act rashly, following the will of emotions. Physical and mental malaise is expressed in frequent moods and pugnacity. Boys can simultaneously hate the world and themselves. To a contradictory state, an attraction to prohibited actions is added. The puberty in boys is accompanied by feelings of loneliness and misunderstanding. Parents need to adhere to a special line of behavior in times of crisis, as one careless word can lead to unpleasant consequences.
The intellectual development of puberty boys is actively aimed at finding their place in society. A teenager seeks independence, criticizes many topics. During this period, the formation of character, perception of the world, its image and line of conduct. The teenager is already able to abstract mental operations from objects, thinking reaches the phase of formal operations, so often he begins to gravitate to general formulas and theories. A teenager thinks about his own theories of happiness, politics, philosophy. During puberty, the boy begins to perceive the world in terms of ways to change it. He is trying to formulate his program of life, depending on his chosen goal in the future. With her, a teenager enters the adult world, encountering obstacles on the way, gradually socializes.
The puberty in boys includes the active development of the imagination. Teenagers carefully guard their fantasies. There is a development of self-awareness. The boy begins to search for the causes of his behavior, analyzes the further development of actions. This neoplasm promotes understanding not only of itself, but also of other people in the puberty period in boys.
Age, psychology, crisis 13 years
This is a period of increased fatigue, decreased performance. Due to insufficient maturity, a teenager of thirteen cannot understand what is happening to him. Misunderstanding is expressed in increased excitability and motor anxiety. Defending their independence, characteristic of this time, begins in the puberty period in boys. The crisis is about fifteen years old. At this transitional moment, increased sensitivity, temper, and sometimes demonstrative behavior are often manifested. Under the influence of hormones, boys are characterized by a frequent change of mood and a violent outburst of emotions. For example, an hour ago he could weep because he had not been bought a game, and now he is already screaming and cursing at what he is told to clean up in his room and does not remember the game. Bursts of increased physical activity give way to complete exhaustion, fatigue occurs quickly. With increased fatigue is a frequent complaint of parents about the "laziness" of their offspring. Thirteen-year-olds can not do monotonous work, their attention and patience is enough for ten minutes. Efficiency and labor productivity are sharply reduced, and the number of errors in actions is increasing. Basically, a negative phenomenon is associated with the restructuring of the motor system. Changes in the functioning are observed in the work of fine motor skills, which leads to a deterioration in handwriting. Sloppiness is distinguished by the puberty period.
In boys, the age of thirteen is associated with the development of logical thinking, which is expressed in increased criticism. He does not accept the words of adults on faith, requires proof of their correctness. Boys begin to pay attention to their feelings and experiences, there are often cases when at this age they begin to write poetry or keep a diary. One of the symptoms of a thirteen-year crisis is expressed negativity. The phenomenon is associated with the desire to deny traditional views, a teenager becomes closed, he can often be seen thoughtful.
Premature ripening
Early puberty in boys is a rare occurrence. Typically, the start of the ripening process is included in the standard framework. The earliest developmental period is ten years, and the late fourteen. Compared to their peers, boys have narrower shoulders and a wide pelvis. Premature maturation is characterized by strong sexual impulses in childhood. There are frequent cases when, along with this phenomenon, mental retardation is detected . True premature puberty causes three reasons: disturbances in the hypothalamus, the influence of past diseases of the brain, idiopathic form. Timely treatment is necessary, as children prematurely stop growing.
Late development
Boys with late onset of puberty have mostly long legs and a short body. The main symptoms are the lack of pubic hair growth at the age of fifteen, and also the genitals by the age of thirteen. Delayed maturation can be caused by diseases associated with pathologies in the structure of chromosomes, for example, Kleinefelter syndrome. The presence of diabetes mellitus, anemia, renal failure or the effect of tumor processes in the brain also affects. A decrease in hormone stimulation affects the timeliness of development. The cause of temporary deviations may be a hereditary factor. If one of the parents had a delay in puberty, then the possibility of transmitting developmental features increases.
Hypothalamic syndrome
This disease occurs in boys during puberty quite often. This is a neuroendocrine syndrome of age-related changes in the body with a disorder of the hypothalamus, pituitary gland and other endocrine glands. Hypothalamic puberty syndrome in boys usually develops to sixteen years. The development of the disease is affected by neuroinfection, stress, pregnancy pathology, traumatic brain injury, changes in the thyroid gland, radiation, and so on. Against the background of the syndrome, overproduction of corticosteroids, cortisol is noticeable. The latter causes a decrease in sensitivity to insulin, which can lead to the development of diabetes mellitus and the formation of atherosclerosis. During the course of the disease, striae appear on the body - pink stripes.
Boys suffering from the syndrome begin to eat a lot in the evenings and at night, which is associated with the onset of activity of the vagus nerve (vagus), which stimulates the work of insulin. Over time, obesity appears, the mammary glands enlarge. Patients drink a lot, complain of frequent headaches, and quickly get tired. Hypothalamic puberty syndrome in boys causes a decrease in performance, an increase in the manifestation of negative emotions. Due to the prickly attacks of others around their appearance, sufferers can become depressed.
Patients usually have high stature, fat limbs, a wide pelvis, a round puffy face. The skin is tender, prone to sunburn. Hair is mostly prone to loss, greasy. Patients with hypothalamic syndrome are distinguished by soft, tender hands, with long fingers and thin nails. With a decrease in thyroid function, drowsiness, a delayed reaction, and chilliness are observed. Boys affected by the syndrome suffer from excessive sweating, a sensation of hot flashes, nausea, fever, and so on.
One form of hypothalamic syndrome is youthful basophilism. With the disease, obesity, enlargement of the mammary glands, high growth compared with peers are noted. Puberty can be either premature or delayed. In the first case, the boys are hypersexual, prone to early sexual intercourse.
Under the influence of stress, the syndrome can worsen and lead to various crises. Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, gynecomastia, peripheral atherosclerosis may develop. With timely treatment, in most cases, recovery is observed. The syndrome usually regresses with age. With a decrease in body weight, striae whiten and become invisible. With the correct correction, all symptoms disappear by 20-25 years.
Puberty Diseases
One of the most common diseases is osteochondropathy. A negative phenomenon is associated with a lack of calcium in fast-growing bones. Due to deficiency of an important element, adolescents complain of pain in the knees and ankles. Excess calcium also brings problems. It can be deposited in the kidneys in the form of salts, which leads to urolithiasis or pyelonephritis.
Problems with the functioning of the adrenal glands can begin during puberty in boys. Disease
Related
these disorders lead to the development of hypertension and early atherosclerosis. The work of the adrenal glands is reflected in cardiac activity. With violations, arrhythmia, sharp fluctuations in blood pressure, headaches can occur. During the puberty, disturbances in the endocrine system may occur. The reason for contacting an endocrinologist is mainly premature sexual development or its delay. During the examination, violations may not be detected, then the teenager and parents should be patient.
During puberty, there are two more opposing diseases - puberty and obesity. In the first case, excessive deposition of fat on the abdomen, hips. A suffering teenager is characterized by lethargy, lack of initiative, prefers a sedentary lifestyle. Sexual development is usually normal, growth is average or above average. The cause of obesity is the activity of basophilic elements of the anterior pituitary gland. Usually the disease does not require special treatment, but examination and observation is mandatory. As for pubertal depletion, the disease is also associated with a disorder in the pituitary gland and is more common in girls.
Finally
In addition to somatic diseases, psychological disorders during puberty in boys can also develop. Age, signs of illness are different. Often the impetus for the development of the disorder is the overly critical attitude of the teenager to himself, his appearance, as well as increased sensitivity to ridicule. For example, a depersonalization disorder is associated with anxiety about changes in the body. The teenager experiences a feeling of alienation, anxiety due to, for example, an enlarged arm. There are doubts about the veracity of sensations, sometimes in the reality of self. Teenagers describe their condition as if all the actions take place in a dream, sounds are heard muffled. The development of certain rituals is connected with this to make sure of the reality of their existence. Another disorder associated with changes in the perception of the environment is derealization. In this case, people are perceived as inanimate objects, and the sizes and shapes of objects are distorted. The condition is characterized by depression, obsessive thoughts, fears, memory impairment.
Changes in the body can lead to the development of complexes and even to a crisis state. So, the disease of dysmorphophobia is expressed in an obsessive fear of a defect in appearance (apparent or imaginary). The sufferer begins to lead a secluded lifestyle, carefully masking the flaw. The teenager is in a depressed state, constantly dissatisfied with his appearance. The disorder can lead to deliberate harm to your body in order to independently get rid of the defect.
Despite the adolescents' desire for independence, open negativity, disobedience, and sometimes aggression, they remain children even in the puberty period. In boys, age, psychology of behavior are interconnected.
But
Each teenager needs to be listened to and correctly perceived by his problems. With a joint decision with parents, the difficulties of deplorable consequences can be avoided. The family must forever remain a safe place where a teenager can take a break from adversity and be accepted as he is. It should be remembered that during puberty, most diseases, both somatic and psychological, can be prevented or cured without much effort. For this, it is necessary to carefully consider what the boy is telling about himself, to monitor his behavior.