All words are sorted into parts of speech. For example, a noun, an adjective, a verb, etc. To understand which word belongs to which group belongs quite easily - you just need to ask the appropriate question, and everything immediately becomes clear. In addition, words also work in groups. They are building sentences. Each word plays a role. It is a specific member of the sentence. In this case, the words fulfill their grammatical function and do it in accordance with certain rules and laws. The main one is information about who performs the action, what, with whom, where and when it happens. For all this, the main and secondary members of the proposal are responsible. Let's consider them in more detail.
Principal members of the proposal
These include subject and predicate. To understand what is what, just ask a question. The subject is “Who?”, “What?”. The predicate is “What does it do?” To be subject, the word must stand in the initial form, the infinitive. Otherwise, it becomes a minor member of the proposal. This grammatical theme is first revealed to children in the 3rd grade. The main members of the proposal are simple enough to understand and learn from numerous examples. Well, if they are supplemented by illustrations or tables.
Subject
Question “Who / What?” immediately shows which member of the sentence is subject. The word that answers it is the main member of the sentence, and it is with him that everything happens in the narrative. Most often, the subject is the noun. The primary and secondary members of the proposal can also be arranged in different order. Ahead is most often the subject. It is emphasized in the sentence in one straight line.
Examples:
Anna is watering the flowers.
The book is on the shelf.
The phone rings loudly.
Sometimes the subject may also be an adjective. However, only if there is no suitable noun.
Examples:
Green is on.
Black slim.
Predicate
The question "What is doing?" immediately allows you to determine the predicate in the sentence. It is always paired with the subject and describes what is happening to him. The main and secondary members of the proposal are difficult to confuse among themselves, if you immediately select the main pair. The sentence expressed in the sentence is expressed by the verb. It can also characterize the condition of the subject. In the sentence, the predicate is emphasized by two straight parallel lines.
Examples:
The house seemed huge amid small garages and buildings.
Lena watches TV shows every day.
Mom sat down at home, expecting children from school.
Features of minor proposal members
They make the sense of the main part of the sentence more precise, detailed, supplement with details. From them we can learn about the place, time, mode of action of what is happening with someone or something. They can be identified by characteristic issues. The minor members of the sentence (3rd grade, a textbook of the Russian language by O.D. Ushakova) are circumstances (places, times, ways of acting), definition (whose / what?), And addition (whom / what? Etc.). They are not included in the grammatical basis of sentences.
Definition
It can be expressed in several parts of speech. Nouns, adjectives and even pronouns that replace nouns serve for this purpose. The definition gives a characteristic of the subject. Typical questions for isolating: “Which?”, “Whose?”. A wavy line is used to emphasize .
Examples:
The full moon came out from behind the clouds.
A large box blocked the road.
Addition
If a noun does not answer the question “Who / What?”, It can definitely be said that this is an addition. It is expressed not only by nouns, but also by pronouns. Sentence sentences use a dashed line. Questions of indirect cases very precisely help to isolate the main and secondary members of the sentence.
Examples:
The neighbors bought a new car.
Grandmother took her granddaughter from the kindergarten immediately after lunch.
Flowers were cut with a sharp knife.
Circumstance
It indicates the place, time, reason, purpose, course of action, clarifying, explaining and adding details to the description of what is happening. In each of the cases, the circumstance answers the corresponding questions. For instance:
Location: Where is going / Where is going / Where is it coming from?
Mode of action: How did it happen / How did it happen?
Reason: Why it happened / Why is this happening?
Time: How long it started / When it started / How long it will last / How long to wait?
Purpose: Why is it / Why?
The role of circumstances in a sentence can be performed by a noun, adverb and pronoun. A dotted line consisting of dots and dashes is used to emphasize.
Examples:
A bunch of bananas lay on a table in the kitchen.
Friends canceled a trip to the beach due to bad weather.
He reads a lot of books all the time in order to sound smart.
Table "Primary and Minor Proposal Members"
In order to remember the rules and learn to distinguish between the main and secondary members of the sentence, it is recommended to perform a number of special exercises in practice. They will give the necessary result in consolidating the skill.