When crossing the border of the Russian Federation, each merchant carrier meets with the customs service, which taxes the goods transported. Let's talk in detail about what the customs value of the goods is and how its quantity is determined.
The customs value of a product is a measurement of one unit of goods transported in cash. It is determined to levy various kinds of payments. In fact, this is the tax base.
Also, the customs value of the goods is used to apply other measures of state regulation of economic relations that are associated with the cost of production. This may include the implementation of foreign exchange control of foreign economic activity. According to the data on the customs value of goods, banks determine further settlements in accordance with applicable law.
Types of Payments:
- VAT (tax levied on value added and directed to the state budget);
- customs fees (mandatory payment sent to the state budget);
- duty (money collection by state structures);
- excise taxes (national tax on common, widely used goods).
The names of payments presented above mean the same thing - payments to the state budget. They are simply charged for various services and goods.
The customs value is determined by the declarant, however, its correctness should always be controlled by the customs authorities. The methods used in Russia comply with generally accepted international practice.
Let's see under the influence of what factors the determination of customs value takes place. Several accrual methods are widely practiced:
1. Value addition
With this method, the customs value of the goods is made up of the following components: production costs, amount of profit, amount of expenses. Since the exporting country often does not provide all the required information, including all the documents required for verification, the goods are under close supervision of public services.
2. Valuation of the transaction with imported goods
It is determined by the value of the transaction that has not yet been paid. The customs value of the goods includes the costs of licensing, transportation and insurance.
3. Subtraction of value
From the highest price at which identical or similar goods were sold on the territory of the state, costs are deducted, the amount of which is determined by the domestic market.
4. Valuation of transactions with identical goods
The customs value of the goods is calculated using the value of the transaction with the same goods, which must necessarily meet the following conditions:
- goods are sold for deportation to the territory of the country that makes taxation;
- if the goods are imported on the same conditions and in the same quantity as identical goods. If the import of identical goods took place under other conditions, a price adjustment is possible in accordance with changes in the conditions of import;
- identical goods are imported simultaneously or the difference between the time of their import is not more than 90 days.
5. Valuation of a transaction with homogeneous goods
This method is not formally different from the previous one, only the very concept of a homogeneous product is different - this is a group of products that are not completely identical, however, have similar external and internal characteristics, that is, they are interchangeable commercially.
6. Reserve (spare) method
Valid under circumstances that do not allow the use of the above methods. When achieving the goal, it uses the following data: calculations, expert estimates, transaction value, price of goods in a market economy and competition.