Participial

Communion is a participle along with dependent words. The identified word can be after it ( congratulation received from the brother) or before it (congratulation received from the brother).

The isolation of the participial turnover gives it a greater semantic load than in the case of non-isolation. For comparison: A letter written in an inexpressive handwriting was not easy to read (the main meaning is supplemented by a causal one) - A letter written in an inexpressive handwriting was not easy to read (there is only a definition). If the participle turnover is at the end or at the beginning of a sentence, in oral speech it is distinguished by an intonation pause, and on the letter - by a comma. If it is located in the middle of the sentence, commas are placed on both sides. For example: Oak forests are called oak forests.

When the sacrament turnover is not isolated, it is more adjacent to the noun that defines. For example, you can compare: Forehead covered with deep wrinkles (permanent sign) - Forehead covered with raindrops (temporary characteristic). Of course, the semantics of these constructions is also important. In the first case, the sentence is read without a gradual increase in voice, pause and decrease in voice, characteristic of intoning a turnover. Accordingly, a comma is not placed on the letter.

If the conditions of the context, the situation of the utterance and the meaning of the sentence justify the absence of explanatory words, they may be omitted. For example: The scheduled task was completed at the right time (which one was specified earlier).

You should also keep in mind such cases:

1. Communion may begin with words that depend on it, and not with the sacrament: Students who had defended their diplomas a couple of hours ago had fun. Students are the definable word here, and a comma is placed after it.

2. The participial turnover may be near the union. In this case, the union is not isolated, a comma is placed in front of it. For example: In front of the window there were roses blooming for a long time, and lilies that had not yet blossomed.

In some cases, participial turnover can replace synonymous subordinate definitive sentences. This happens when:

1. The statement is of a book character, for example: Multiple evidence accumulated by science confirms the correctness of the assumption put forward by beginning scientists. The use of such forms that are rare for the modern language, such as carried, driven, drawn, bring a shade of solemnity into speech.

2. The union word "which" is repeated several times in a complex sentence. Especially when subordinate sentences are consistently subordinate to each other, for example: At a pedagogical conference, which was devoted to the problems of teaching, a number of reports were listened that contained examples of the application of some methods in practice. In this case, each of the subordinate clauses, and all together, can be replaced by the participle turnover.

3. It is necessary to exclude the double meaning that is often encountered due to the possible different correlation of the union word "which". For example: The words in phrases that are used for morphological analysis are emphasized (depending on the semantics of the sentence, you can use used or used);

4. When the expression is given brevity due to stylistic considerations.

Communion has many advantages. But, using them, you need to remember about such a drawback of this part of speech, as not very good sound due to the accumulation of forms ending in the last and the last.

In English, there is such a thing as an independent participial circulation. But it is found mainly in highly specialized literature (technical, legal), rarely in fiction books, and even less so in colloquial speech.

Source: https://habr.com/ru/post/C3332/


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