The concept of communication is one of the main terms in psychology, and there are reasons for that. It is in communication that a person becomes aware of himself as a person, personal values are formed, thinking, self-awareness develops, and there is a perception of himself as a full member of a single community.
Usually a person considers communication only a direct verbal dialogue between two people or in a group. But it’s worth considering, and we understand that communication is a deeper and more multifaceted process. It implies not only verbal contact as a way of transmitting information. People are in constant interaction with each other, have a certain impact on the personality, changing and improving both society as a whole and individual individuals.
Types of communication
There are several classifications of types of communication: by the method of transmitting information, by purpose, by means, etc.
By the method of transmitting information:
By purpose:
- Business and management communication. It is aimed at the regulation and management of work processes or organization.
- Personal. Communication focused on personal contact. More emotional.
- Cognitive (cognitive, educational).
- Spiritual, interpersonal. Deep emotional communication between people.
- Manipulative. A type of communication in the process of which a person intentionally seeks certain benefits from an interlocutor.
- Secular. Communication on accepted topics. People do not talk about their own experiences or relationships. This is a formal contact.
Depending on the means of communication:
- Direct (direct). Personal communication, involving direct contact and perception of each other by people . It occurs directly with the help of speech, hearing and allows you to immediately receive a reaction or response.
- Indirect Communication takes place using special items, tools or tools. This can be a letter, audio recording, video clip, etc. An example is social networks.
Communication features
Different psychological schools distinguish a different number of functions that the communication process performs. However, in each of the existing classifications, three main ones can be distinguished:
- communicative information
- regulatory
- affective-communicative.
The communicative function of communication allows him to act as a means by which people have the opportunity to exchange various information, their own ideas, experiences, impressions, knowledge. In the process of communication, the information received is perceived, received and transmitted further.
The regulatory function of communication is manifested in changing, correcting the behavior of people in the process of interaction, development and organization of joint activities. In the process of communication, a person can consciously or unconsciously influence the behavior and activities of a partner.
Affective function is directly related to the feelings and emotions of a person, the regulation of processes affecting the emotional sphere. In the process of emotional communication, rapprochement occurs or, conversely, interest in the interlocutor fades away.
Means of communication
When we pronounce this term, we mean any means of transmitting information that allow the communication process to be carried out at the proper level.
Like communication itself, its means are also divided into verbal and nonverbal.
In addition, there are a number of classifications that share means of communication on various grounds. So, M.I. Lisina distinguishes:
- expressive-facial expressions (looks, facial expressions);
- substantive (postures, gestures);
- speech means of communication (words, structure of speech and manner of presentation).