From this article, the reader learns what the participle turnover in English is. The English participle is an adjective derived from a verb and having properties similar to it, as well as an adverb; verb form used as an adjective. In other words, participle is a description (adjective) created from a word (verb) denoting an action.
Communion in English and its forms
- Present Participle (another name is Participle 1; ends with -ing): to read - reading (to read - reading), to wait - waiting (to wait - waiting), to bring - bringing (bear - carrying), to be - being ( to be - being), to lead - leading (leading - leading). If the verb ends in the unpronounceable -e, then before the "indigo" ending it is omitted (to give - giving, which in Russian means "give - giving"). If the verb ends in a consonant that precedes the stressed vowel, the final letter doubles before the suffix (to forget - forgetting, which translates into Russian as "forget - forget"). And for verbs of the type lie (lie), die (die), tie (tie), the present participle is formed in a similar way: lying, dying, tying.
- Past Participle or Participle 2 (ends in –d, -ed; the exception is only irregular verbs that can have endings like –en, -t, -n, -ne): to ask - asked someone was asked), to deal - dealt (consider - considered), to eat - eaten (eat, eat - eaten), to go - gone (go - gone), to see - seen (see - seen).
Having dealt with the designation and forms of communion, we next consider what the sacrament is, in practice. Let's start with Present Participle:
- Leaving the hall hurriedly, she ran out. She ran out, hurriedly leaving the hallway.
- When reading Wuthering Heights, she hardly keeps herself from crying. Reading Wuthering Heights, she barely holds back her tears.
- We had breakfast outside upon the terrace facing the Louvre. We had breakfast on the terrace overlooking the Louvre.
Now we will understand what the participial past tense is:
- She replied through the locked wooden door. She answered through a closed wooden door.
- We turned into the hall lit up with lamps. We turned into a corridor lit by flashlights.
- Accompanied by her sister, she entered her new house. Accompanied by her sister, she entered her new home.
Despite the fact that in the above examples, almost all participles have both verb characteristics and the properties of the adjective and adverb (as mentioned above), all of them are participles. The rules say that Present Participle (participle of the present), unlike the Past Participle (pri., Etc.), has several forms of use:
1) Indefinite Active (indefinite time of the valid voice): writing;
2) Indefinite Passive: being written;
3) Perfect Active (perfect time of valid voice): having written;
4) Perfect Passive : having been written.
Past Participle has no time division, therefore there is only one form that can express not only simultaneous action, but also that which happened before the main one.
If you understand in more detail what the sacramental phrase is at higher levels of language proficiency, then you can touch on aspects such as the participle function in a sentence. These functions relate to both the participle of the present tense and the participle of the past tense, the difference is only in the forms of use.
In a sentence, the participle can have the following syntax functions:
- Definition Function (an attribute): The fence surrounding our house is lately painted. The fence surrounding our house is recently painted.
- Function of circumstance (an adverbial modifier): Arriving there my mum found everything that should be found in the kitchen. Arriving there, my mother found everything that is usually found in the kitchen.
- Predictive function (a predicative): The effect of my words was horrifying. The impression made by my words was scary.
- As part of a complex addition: part of a complex object: John has found her unaltered, but she has found him changed. He found that she had not changed at all, and she found that he had changed.