Despite technological progress, the railway for many years remains the most popular passenger and freight transport in Russia. It is not only the convenience of delivering people, transporting goods or the stability of the Russian Railways, but also partly in the special romance of the railways: beautiful landscapes outside the window, rhythmic rattling of wheels floating in the distance villages and cities, as well as numerous stations.
Whether it’s passenger, technical station stations, or any other station, life in every way is in full swing: information and warning announcements of announcers about movement and shunting at the station roll around in space; responsible railroad workers in orange vests busily tapping the wheelsets of cars, carefully preparing the trains for safe movement.
Separate Items
Arrange the movement of trains helps conditional separation of the whole route to separate points:
- station
- overtaking points;
- travels;
- travel posts;
- auto-blocking traffic lights (passing);
- block sections of the automatic response of locomotive equipment (an independent means of signaling rolling stock).
All separate points, including passenger stops and auxiliary posts, have their numbers and names located on the right and left sides of the building facades, as well as on the edges of the landing platforms, which are visible when moving from any direction.
Railway stop
The operation of railway stations is an important component in organizing the work of the entire railway industry.
Each station belongs to one of the types of separate points and has a certain route development. The capabilities available at the stations allow various railway manipulations:
- sending, receiving, overtaking, crossing trains;
- the issuance and reception of baggage, various types of cargo or cargo luggage;
- provision of service for passengers of the railway;
- actions of maneuvering teams for the reformation and maintenance of trains (with the development of the traveling apparatus).
Any railway station implies the presence of required elements and includes:
- Track facilities, consisting of tracks and track parks (receiving and dispatching, sorting park and others), connected by transfer arrows. All paths and arrows are mandatory numbering. Useful sections of the paths are limited to traffic lights or limit columns. Dead ends are equipped with special stops and are used for official purposes, including sludge of railway equipment.
- Cargo facilities with equipment for loading and unloading: special sections of tracks, warehouses, terminals, sorting points and others.
- Centralized and signaling equipment: control systems for shooters, traffic lights, as well as automatic lighting - GAC (for work on sorting hills).
Classification of railway stations
Depending on the purpose and functionality of the station are divided into categories:
- Passenger stations - serve people. They are built in fairly large settlements and operate with the movement of passenger trains, actions with tickets, mail, baggage.
- Freight stations - operate with freight cars, commercial and general cargo, process arriving trains and form trains for the return destination. Rail stations of industrial enterprises are connected with such stations.
- Intermediate stations are located every 15-20 km, technically regulate the movement of trains: sending and receiving, crossing and overtaking, passing freight and passenger trains, disembarking and boarding traveling citizens, handling cargo and luggage, maneuvers with trailed wagons. Crossings and overtaking sections belong to this type of stations.
- Technical stopping points of the railway include sorting, preport and precinct stations. They are not prevailing and carry out working and engineering manipulations with wagons, trains, trains to organize safe transportation.
How many separate points on Russian Railways
The railway network of the Russian Federation has a large number of separate points. Given the varieties of stations, their quantitative composition is as follows:
- sorting - 95;
- freight - 680;
- passenger - 57;
- precinct - 350;
- intermediate stations, sidings and overtaking sections of the track - 4404.
Station station
According to statistics, among all stations of the Russian Railways there are a lot of precincts. They relate to stations of the first and second classes, which means they have some priority in terms of budget financing and determining the size of wages, depending on the complexity of the operations performed at the station and the volume of work performed. The main purpose of the precinct station is the processing of all types of transit trains, maintenance of access roads and the reorganization (sorting) of precinct, export and combined trains through maneuvering operations.
The distance from one such station to another is from one and a half to three hundred kilometers. This value of the path is due to the need to replace locomotives and their crews after five hours of travel.
Like any other, the characteristic of a local station implies a description of its features and the presence of special facilities. Stations of this kind typically include:
- two or three parks of tracks for receiving and sending trains;
- special outfit for locomotive service (PTOL);
- wagon maintenance point (PTV);
- car depots;
- locomotive depot: main or negotiable;
- commodity offices;
- station technology centers (STC).
Organization of work at the station
The technological process of the precinct station involves work with freight and passenger trains. Processing of freight train wagons is carried out according to the chain: technical inspection - commercial inspection - non-release repair. The prefabricated and precast trains to be disbanded at the station are first on the exhaust path, then they dissolve in the sorting park. With significant volumes, a slide is used to dissolve the compositions. For unloading, cars are sent to access roads and the cargo area.
Passenger trains stopping at the station get on the tracks intended for them: main and pick-up and drop-off. The technological chain for the processing of passenger cars is as follows: disembarkation and landing of people - postal and baggage loading and unloading operations - inspection of cars - non-releasing repair. All work carried out at the station is managed by the main person in charge - the station duty officer. He coordinates the work of staff.
Thanks to the coordinated actions of the employees of the local stations serving transit trains and the stable operation of all links of the Russian Railways, this type of transport is by far the safest and most demanded.
Embark on the road boldly. Have a good trip!