The management of any organization seeks to identify effective ways to achieve goals through the efficient allocation of resources. To this end, action plans are drawn up, large-scale studies of the micro and macro environment of the organization are conducted. One of the most important elements of the effective work of the entire organization and the achievement of its objectives is strategic management.
To define the concept of strategic management, you must first determine the essence of the strategy. There is no single definition of the concept of strategy. The strategy is used in game theory as a plan that indicates the player's possible moves in each specific situation. In the context of strategic management, it means an integrated plan to effectively achieve the goals of the organization.
Strategic management as an academic discipline began to take shape after the publication of the book “Strategy, Structure and Results” by R. Rumelt. It is included in complex management processes, therefore there is no unambiguous approach to either the definition of this type of management or its main tasks. With its help, managers set long-term goals for the development of the organization, identify specific and short-term goals, suggest strategies for their achievement, depending on the characteristics of the micro and macro environment of the organization. On the other hand, strategic management can be considered as a process of evaluating the macroenvironment, the results of which allow you to make the necessary decisions within the organization, to exercise control.
Foreign theorists recognize this type of management as a type of management, which is based on human potential, which is the basis of any organization. It focuses the organization’s activities on satisfying customer requests, is able to flexibly respond to any change in the organization, which allows it to achieve competitive advantages. Thus, thanks to strategic management, the organization is able to achieve its goals in the long term. This type of management is developing in various areas of economic relations and production.
Strategic management in tourism allows not only the travel company to develop faster, but also ensures success in this highly competitive field. Such companies are guided by certain strategic methods, which include the development of the company and its product according to established traditions, the expansion of the geography of the services provided and the introduction of counter-forms of tourism activity. Planning activities based on strategic management allows you to determine the optimal strategy or a combination of several strategies to achieve a leading position in the tourism industry.
Strategic management in construction makes it possible to identify prospects for the development of productive forces in the region, especially the region’s infrastructure and its climatic conditions, and to analyze the demographic position and state of capacities of the most important competing enterprises. A deep analysis of the external environment, along with internal analysis, allows us to develop strategies for the development of the enterprise, technologies for its promotion and advertising. But regardless of the area of the organization’s business, the strategic planning system assumes that the future does not have to be better in any way than the past. That is why the central place is given to the analysis of prospects, all possible dangers and threats both from the external environment and due to changes in the internal environment. It is complemented by an analysis of the position of competitors in the industry. Only such an approach can make it possible to receive not just normal profit, but income.
Thus, the strategic management system allows not only to identify all competitive advantages, but also to use them effectively to achieve the goals.