What is a definitive pronoun? You will learn the answer to this question from the materials in this article. In addition, several examples of sentences and proverbs where this part of speech is used will be presented to your attention.
General Pronouns
Before telling about what definitive pronouns in Russian exist, a full definition of this part of speech should be given.
So, a pronoun is called an independent part of speech, which is often used instead of the name of the adjective, numeral, noun, and also adverbs. It should be emphasized that the pronoun can vary in numbers, gender and cases.
What categories of pronouns exist?
Not everyone knows that the definitive pronoun is one of the categories of this part of speech. In general, the following exist:
- Personal. Such pronouns indicate a specific person. Thus, the 1st and 2nd person denote the direct participants in the speech (you, you, we and I). 3rd person personal pronouns indicate listeners who do not take any part in the speech (she, he, they, and it).
- Possessive. Such pronouns indicate an object (properties, objects) that belongs to someone or something (mine, yours, yours, yours, ours, him, them and hers).
- Returnable. This discharge conveys the value of the direction of the action to any subject (for example, I see myself from the side ).
- Relative. This category is used as the connecting part of the subordinate clause to the main thing (who, whose, what, which, what, how much, what).
- Interrogative. This category of pronoun is used mainly in interrogative sentences. This group includes a variety of words (for example, how much, who, what, what, which, what, whose, whose).
- Indefinite. The task of this category is an indication of an indefinite set. Such a group is formed from interrogative pronouns by adding prefixes somewhere, not or something, as well as postfixes of either, something, or something.
- Negative. Such a group is characterized by a complete denial of something or someone (nobody, nobody, nothing, nothing, nothing, nobody, etc.).
- Mutual. Such a pronoun expresses a relation to 2-mind or more objects or persons. For example: "They have known each other for a long time."
- Definitive and indicative pronoun.
We consider the last digits in more detail and give examples of how they are used in Russian.
Indicative pronoun
Such pronouns are sometimes called demonstratives. They indicate which particular object this or that person has in mind, as well as its location relative to himself or the addressee (this, that, such, such, such, such, such, what, this, this).
It should also be noted that demonstrative pronouns are able to express additional information about the object (for example, its gender, animation, etc.).
In some cases, such a group is not allocated separately. This is due to the fact that the corresponding meaning is expressed not in the form of independent words, but with the help of index particles, which are attached to the noun.
Examples of demonstrative pronouns
Some experts refer to demonstrative pronouns and such words like "both" and "both." However, this is only if they are used in the meaning of "one and the other," "one and the other."
Here is an example:
- Both students successfully passed the session. (Both students successfully passed the session.)
- Both boys received good gifts. (Both boys received good presents.)
Other examples of demonstrative pronouns:
- This man was very rude to me.
- He who does nothing never makes mistakes.
- I am what I am, and I won’t.
- He is so smart and handsome.
- Take as many nuts as you wish.
As for obsolete indicative pronouns, they are most often used in historical, religious and classical literature:
- I have never seen such an eccentric.
- What a naughty kid (irony).
- To this day, not a word has been heard about him.
- On that day, when I wanted to leave home.
Definitive pronoun
This category of pronouns indicates any one subject among the rest. All, himself, all, all, each, every, every, different, other, any - all these are definitive pronouns.
Examples: anyone can walk fast; anyone can run; all got dirty , etc.
What features do definitive pronouns have?
We told what a definitive pronoun is. But what is their detailed indication? We will answer this question in more detail.
- In Russian, the pronoun “self” is necessary to name a certain person who performs the action (for example, I will easily beat myself ).
- Such a pronoun as “all” indicates the totality of persons or objects, as well as the completeness of their coverage (for example, the whole day passed for me in a dream ).
- The pronoun "everyone" refers to one person or object that is in a number of very similar or homogeneous (for example, every person has a price ).
- The following three pronouns - “any”, “each” and “the most” - indicate the allocation of a particular person or object from a series of homogeneous ones (for example, this was the same person; everyone who transgresses the law will be punished; any work is honorable ).
However, it should be noted that not everything is so simple. Indeed, definitive pronouns also have their own variations. For example, the word "any" is often used in the meaning of "one to choose from" or "whatever." “Most” in some cases indicates the main feature of an object or its limit (for example, at the very end of the year ). In addition, such a pronoun is sometimes used to form the adjective in superlative form or to indicate the highest measure of some attribute (for example, the greatest happiness comes when you do not expect it ).
As for the definitive pronouns “other” and “different”, it is customary to consider them as antonyms to the words “this” and “that”.
Definitive pronouns: inclined by cases, gender and number or not?
The morphological features of such pronouns include their ability to change in three forms, namely by gender, cases and numbers.
Here are some examples:
- singular and plural: self - themselves, all - all;
- gender: itself - itself (itself), all - all (all), another - another (other);
- cases: one another - another (another), all - all (all), another - another (different), etc.
However, this rule has its exceptions. For example, such an obsolete word as "everyone" never changes in cases. It can be persuaded only by number and gender.
Offer members
Which member of the sentence are definitive pronouns? In written or spoken language, this part of speech most often acts as agreed definitions. For example: "Over the years come new years, and every day brings us happiness." Also, together with nouns, pronouns can be one member of a sentence. For example: “Every hour she called me just like that” and “The boss himself called me and gave me an order.”
If a definitive pronoun becomes a noun, then it appears in the sentence as the subject. For example: "Everyone is gone, only I stayed at home."
It should also be noted that this part of speech often acts as a particle or adverb. For example: "He nevertheless agreed to marry her" and "She is all in her cares."
Where are the most commonly used definitive pronouns?
This part of speech can be used in completely different sentences. By the way, proverbs with definitive pronouns are quite popular in Russian. Here are some examples.
The pronouns “any,” “each,” and “the most,” referring to one subject from others:
- The worst poverty is considered a lack of mind. The worst morning is Monday morning. The best friends are the parents.
- Any work is good. Anyone chews, but not everyone lives. A bad ship - any wind in the stern.
- Everyone receives what is destined for him. Every cricket know your hearth. Everyone is sighted, but not every doctor.
The pronoun "any" indicating any item from the others:
- Every sandpiper praises only its swamp.
- Not everyone, like me, will understand.
- He seeks all truth, but not everyone can create it.
- Everyone goes crazy in his own way.
- Every spruce rustles its pine forest.
The pronoun “all” (“all”, “all”), defining an object as something inseparable:
- Everything is one: that crumb, that bread.
- Everything has its time.
- We walk under God.