Parsing involves determining the role of each word in a sentence, that is, which member it is. In order to be able to do such an analysis, you need to know what an addition is, the basis of a sentence, and so on.
Subject and predicate
The most important, non-subordinate member of the proposal is the subject. The subject is an entity acting independently. The second most important word in the sentence is the predicate. It, together with the subject, forms the basis of the sentence. The predicate is the action of the subject-subject.
Addition
In addition to the basics, there should be minor members in the common sentence . Addition - this is perhaps the most common type of subordinate members. It answers the questions of all indirect cases. So what is a supplement? This is an object, an object over which a subject (subject) performs an action (by means of a predicate). What is an addition, it is not difficult to understand. Additions usually depend on other members of the sentence expressed by different forms of the verb: personal, as well as participles and participles. Different in meaning and type of supplement may depend on the same verb form. Here are their examples, governed by different verb forms: “feel intimacy”, “feel intimacy”, “feel intimacy”. Addition can be expressed in the same part of speech as the subject:
1. A noun, including a substantiated one ("go with the ward," "tickle the feather").
2. A pronoun, because in its function it is an equal substitute for a noun ("love it," "see them").
3. A substantive adverb, an ordinal numeral and other nominal parts of speech that are given the function of a noun ("say" tomorrow "in your position is murder"). But here the case is controversial, we can interpret the supplement as part of the predicate.
Types of Add-ons
In Russian there is a direct and indirect addition. The direct is what stands in the form:
1. Accusative case without pretext: "there is an avocado", "chop palm".
2. The genitive case without any preposition in the verb containing the negation: "do not recognize the object", "do not feel the presence."
3. The genitive case for verbs in which there is the meaning of achieving the result and quantitative: “I'll go pour soup”, “eat bread”.
4. The genitive case in adverbs: "no ice cream," "sorry for the dollars."
Indirect is in all other forms of indirect cases (and the accusative with a pretext): "to talk about a shootout", "help rabbits", etc. Direct addition answers questions of the accusative and genitive cases, and indirect - answers questions of the genitive, dative, accusative , instructive and prepositional.
Practice is our everything!
In addition to the predicate, addition and subject, the proposal may include other members - definition and circumstance. Parsing members of a sentence is easy, but you need to practice.
Here are examples of proposals filled with all members, additions including:
1. "The commander of the second naval regiment was going to travel light with his stepmother Vasilisa Petrovna."
2. "Piglet Peter suddenly dreamed of being an angel, and large fluffy wings grew behind him."
3. "Not everyone and not always succeeds in grasping the moment when it is worth stopping and not jumping into the bottomless abyss from which one cannot return."
Additions to these proposals: “angel”, “moment”, “regiment”, “stepmother Vasilisa Petrovna”.
I hope you now understand what a supplement is. If not, I strongly advise you to turn to Babaytseva’s textbook for theory, and Rosenthal’s collection for practice.