Among the layers of vocabulary of the great Russian language, a special place is occupied by argotisms. These are, more simply, the words used in the speech of professionals, representatives of a certain profession, which are often incomprehensible to other native speakers. Consider the feature of this lexical phenomenon.
Definition
Argotism is a certain group of words that is used only by a limited number of people, possessing emotional coloring and expression. It is these features that such vocabulary differs from inherently neutral professionalisms. Moreover, this layer is called those concepts and phenomena that have a neutral name in the Russian language. Thus, argotisms are synonyms of commonly used words inherent in the speech of a narrowly limited category of people.
Specific features
To learn this lexical layer will help the following features:
- The presence of a commonly used synonym word.
- The presence of vivid emotionality and expression.
- The use in speech of a narrow circle of persons united by professional activities.
Many words from this lexical layer have already passed into the category of commonly used, inherent in colloquial speech. So, "steering wheel" in the meaning of "steering wheel" has left the professional speech of drivers and is used everywhere. Other words to native speakers may not be entirely understandable, although in sound and spelling they coincide with popular vocabulary. Here are some examples of professionalism-argotisms :
- A fake is called a linden.
- Drummer - partridge male during mating. The word is used in the speech of hunters.
- Dog or fish - this is what professional journalists call the text of a future article.
- In the pilots' speech, one can hear the expression “give the goat”, which has a brightly negative coloration. So they say if the process of landing the aircraft was unsuccessful.
These words are commonly used, but in the speech of representatives of a certain profession, they acquire a completely different meaning.
Role and importance
Argotisms are a special layer of vocabulary that carries a certain meaning. First of all, their role is to facilitate understanding among people belonging to the same field of activity. So, one banker will understand another, replacing the word "car loan" with a shortened version of "car loan" in a speech. This allows you to emphasize your involvement in the profession and knowledge of its subtleties.
On drilling rigs, the word “production” with an emphasis on the second syllable will cause a grin, but if you say it, highlighting the letter “o” in your voice, you can earn respect as a professional.
So, argotism is an interesting linguistic phenomenon aimed at rallying professional groups.